Table 7 Execution time of cryptographic operations in the enhanced EAADE.

From: Enhanced EAADE: a quantum-resilient and privacy-preserving authentication protocol for secure data exchange in vehicular social networks

Symbol

Operation

Time (ms)

\(T_{\text {lat\_keygen}}\)

Lattice key generation

1.120

\(T_{\text {lat\_enc}}\)

Lattice encryption

0.910

\(T_{\text {lat\_dec}}\)

Lattice decryption

0.930

\(T_{\text {lat\_sign}}\)

Lattice signature generation

1.250

\(T_{\text {lat\_verify}}\)

Lattice signature verification

1.280

\(T_{\text {hash}}\)

Hash function (SHA-256)

0.0003