Table 2 The selected hyper-parameters for the detection stage.

From: Explainable hybrid AI CAD framework for advanced prediction of steel surface defects

Model

Batch size

Epochs

lr0

Momentum

Optimizer

Weight decay

mAP@0.5(%)

YOLOv9c

8

50

0.03528

0.9

SGD

0.001

75.8

The proposed

DCBS-YOLO

20

50

0.07252

0.9

SGD

0.001

76.9