Table 4 NIST randomness test of the 6D hyperchaotic system.
From: Image encryption with 6D hyperchaotic system and vision transformer autoencoder
Statistical test | \(X_1\) | \(X_2\) | \(X_3\) | \(X_4\) | \(X_5\) | \(X_6\) | Remark |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Frequency (Monobit) | 0.7535 | 0.0424 | 0.9952 | 0.3919 | 0.2855 | 0.0851 | \(\checkmark\) |
Frequency Test within a Block | 0.2319 | 0.2855 | 0.1744 | 0.9418 | 0.7998 | 0.9348 | \(\checkmark\) |
Runs | 0.1651 | 0.4167 | 0.3544 | 0.4480 | 0.9465 | 0.6679 | \(\checkmark\) |
Longest-Run-of-Ones in a Block | 0.1424 | 0.9137 | 0.5062 | 0.0695 | 0.0266 | 0.2841 | \(\checkmark\) |
Binary Matrix Rank | 0.8796 | 0.66181 | 0.2943 | 0.2132 | 0.4963 | 0.0549 | \(\checkmark\) |
Spectral | 0.8890 | 0.3568 | 0.2249 | 0.3953 | 0.9560 | 0.9560 | \(\checkmark\) |
Non-overlapping Template Matching | 0.6825 | 0.5067 | 0.7783 | 0.8078 | 0.3494 | 0.5334 | \(\checkmark\) |
Overlapping Template Matching | 0.9856 | 0.8357 | 0.1745 | 0.3964 | 0.8149 | 0.5544 | \(\checkmark\) |
Maurer’s “Universal Statistical” | 0.7504 | 0.2339 | 0.0631 | 0.3737 | 0.1681 | 0.0287 | \(\checkmark\) |
Linear Complexity | 0.4173 | 0.1617 | 0.2319 | 0.5114 | 0.1563 | 0.1364 | \(\checkmark\) |
Statistical | 0.3633 | 0.0919 | 0.6525 | 0.5209 | 0.5642 | 0.2075 | \(\checkmark\) |
0.1651 | 0.4191 | 0.3554 | 0.4496 | 0.9489 | 0.6715 | \(\checkmark\) | |
Approximate Entropy | 0.6642 | 0.1093 | 0.8852 | 0.5689 | 0.5097 | 0.3584 | \(\checkmark\) |
Cumulative Sums (Cusums) | 0.6374 | 0.0291 | 0.9532 | 0.5407 | 0.4791 | 0.1269 | \(\checkmark\) |
0.6918 | 0.5306 | 0.9781 | 0.7872 | 0.6976 | 0.5463 | \(\checkmark\) | |
Random Excursions | 0.0735 | 0.1226 | 0.1153 | 0.2399 | 0.2041 | 0.3312 | \(\checkmark\) |
Random Excursions Variant | 0.0113 | 0.1744 | 0.3580 | 0.1790 | 0.0995 | 0.0352 | \(\checkmark\) |