Table 4 NIST randomness test of the 6D hyperchaotic system.

From: Image encryption with 6D hyperchaotic system and vision transformer autoencoder

Statistical test

\(X_1\)

\(X_2\)

\(X_3\)

\(X_4\)

\(X_5\)

\(X_6\)

Remark

Frequency (Monobit)

0.7535

0.0424

0.9952

0.3919

0.2855

0.0851

\(\checkmark\)

Frequency Test within a Block

0.2319

0.2855

0.1744

0.9418

0.7998

0.9348

\(\checkmark\)

Runs

0.1651

0.4167

0.3544

0.4480

0.9465

0.6679

\(\checkmark\)

Longest-Run-of-Ones in a Block

0.1424

0.9137

0.5062

0.0695

0.0266

0.2841

\(\checkmark\)

Binary Matrix Rank

0.8796

0.66181

0.2943

0.2132

0.4963

0.0549

\(\checkmark\)

Spectral

0.8890

0.3568

0.2249

0.3953

0.9560

0.9560

\(\checkmark\)

Non-overlapping Template Matching

0.6825

0.5067

0.7783

0.8078

0.3494

0.5334

\(\checkmark\)

Overlapping Template Matching

0.9856

0.8357

0.1745

0.3964

0.8149

0.5544

\(\checkmark\)

Maurer’s “Universal Statistical”

0.7504

0.2339

0.0631

0.3737

0.1681

0.0287

\(\checkmark\)

Linear Complexity

0.4173

0.1617

0.2319

0.5114

0.1563

0.1364

\(\checkmark\)

Statistical

0.3633

0.0919

0.6525

0.5209

0.5642

0.2075

\(\checkmark\)

0.1651

0.4191

0.3554

0.4496

0.9489

0.6715

\(\checkmark\)

Approximate Entropy

0.6642

0.1093

0.8852

0.5689

0.5097

0.3584

\(\checkmark\)

Cumulative Sums (Cusums)

0.6374

0.0291

0.9532

0.5407

0.4791

0.1269

\(\checkmark\)

0.6918

0.5306

0.9781

0.7872

0.6976

0.5463

\(\checkmark\)

Random Excursions

0.0735

0.1226

0.1153

0.2399

0.2041

0.3312

\(\checkmark\)

Random Excursions Variant

0.0113

0.1744

0.3580

0.1790

0.0995

0.0352

\(\checkmark\)