Table 2 Five general surgical skills trainees should possess prior to performing in operating room.

From: Surgeon perceptions of essential skills and simulation for percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic discectomy training

 

Postgraduates/ residents/ fellows

Junior specialist surgeons

Consultants

Senior consultants

All participants

Partial η2

Cohen’s f

Value

Mean ± SD

Mean ± SD

Mean ± SD

Mean ± SD

Mean ± SD

  

Knowledge of imaging anatomya

4.250 ± 1.035

4.804 ± 0.453

4.781 ± 0.487

4.750 ± 0.439

4.753 ± 0.515

0.054

0.239

Knowledge of gross anatomyb

4.375 ± 0.916

4.674 ± 0.598

4.750 ± 0.535

4.806 ± 0.401

4.721 ± 0.554

0.029

0.173

Spatial perceptionc

3.875 ± 1.126

4.630 ± 0.610

4.625 ± 0.701

4.667 ± 0.535

4.597 ± 0.681

0.063

0.258

Manual dexterityd

3.875 ± 1.126

4.565 ± 0.688

4.500 ± 0.735

4.611 ± 0.688

4.513 ± 0.743

0.044

0.215

Tactile sensatione

3.750 ± 0.707

4.348 ± 0.737

4.375 ± 0.787

4.306 ± 0.710

4.318 ± 0.756

0.032

0.183

  1. a compared with d, **; a compared with e, ***; b compared with d, *; b compared with e, ***; c compared with e, **.
  2. *Represents P < 0.05; **represents P < 0.01; ***represents P < 0.001.
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