Table 1 Compare algorithm parameter settings.

From: A thinking innovation strategy based Northern goshawk optimizer enhanced extreme learning machine for bankruptcy prediction problems

Algorithms

Name of the parameter

Value of the parameter

PSO

\({c}_{1},{c}_{2}, w\)

1.5, 1.5, 0.8

DE

\(F, Cr\)

0.8, 0.1

GWO

\(a\)

[0,2]

WOA

\(\text{r},\text{ l},\text{ a}\)

[0,1], [−1,1], Linear reduction from 2 to 1

DBO

\({P}_{percent}\)

\(0.2\)

BKA

\(P, r\)

0.9, [0,1]

AOO

\(K, \theta\)

\([\text{0.5,1.5}], [0,\pi ]\)

NGO

\(I, R\)

\(\left\{1, 2\right\},[\text{0,0.02}]\)

TIS_NGO

\(I, R,F\)

\(\left\{1, 2\right\},[\text{0,0.02}],[\text{0,0.5}]\)

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