Table 1 Power system parameters.

From: A hybrid fuzzy-PIDD² control strategy for coordinated LFC and AVR in renewable-integrated multi-area power systems

Model Constant

Initial Magnitude

Model Constant

Initial Magnitude

Model Constant

Initial Magnitude

Bg

0.0490 s

PFTh

0.5747

Tn

1

Cg

1

PFWT, PFPV

0.025

Tps1, Tps2

11.49

Ka

10

RTh, Rhyd, Rg

2.4 Hz/MW

Tr

10.2000 s

Ke, Kn, Ks

1

T12

0.0433 MW

Trh

28.7490 s

KEV

1

Ta

0.1

Trs

4.9000 s

Kps1, Kps2

68.96

Tcd

0.2000 s

Ts

0.01

Kr

0.3

Tcr

0.0100 s

Tsg

0.0600 s

N1

0.8

Te

0.4

Tt

0.3000 s

N2

− 0.2/π

TEV

1

Tw

1.1000 s

PFg

0.138

Tf

0.2390 s

Xg

0.6000 s

PFhyd

0.287

Tgh

0.2000 s

Yg

1.1000 s