Table 2 AVR coupling Coefficients.

From: A hybrid fuzzy-PIDD² control strategy for coordinated LFC and AVR in renewable-integrated multi-area power systems

Coupling Coefficient

Description

Value

K1

Represents the sensitivity of terminal voltage (Vout) to internal EMF variations

1.5

K2

Reflects how small changes in stator EMF influence real power

0.3

K3

Denotes the impact of rotor angle changes on terminal voltage

0.1

K4

Demonstrates how rotor angle variances affect stator EMF

1.4

K5

Quantifies how variations in stator EMF affect rotor angle

0.5

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