Table 20 The optimism integral time absolute error (ITAE) for all controllers.

From: A hybrid fuzzy-PIDD² control strategy for coordinated LFC and AVR in renewable-integrated multi-area power systems

Controller

Optimization Algorithm

Best ITAE

PSO

GTO

MPA

Value

Algorithm

PID

> 109

> 109

> 109

N.A.

N.A.

PIDD²

541.75

540.30

540.44

540.30

GTO

FPIDD²+ PIDD²

56.19

52.79

53.47

52.79

GTO

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