Table 27 Percentage improvement in dynamic response parameters of hybrid (FPIDD²+PIDD²) controllers compared to the PID Controller.

From: A hybrid fuzzy-PIDD² control strategy for coordinated LFC and AVR in renewable-integrated multi-area power systems

Controller

∆f1 (Hz)

∆f2 (Hz)

Ptie (p.u)

Vout1 (p.u)

Vout2 (p.u)

MO∆f1

MU∆f1

MO∆f2

MU∆f2

MOP

MUP

MP− V1

Tr−V1

Ts−V1

MP− V2

Tr−V2

Ts−V2

PSO

97%

91%

99%

91%

98%

100%

43%

85%

38%

71%

68%

71%

GTO

−25%

56%

70%

69%

74%

49%

25%

36%

49%

48%

29%

48%

MPA

71%

78%

69%

74%

46%

73%

23%

−17%

53%

49%

12%

59%

Average

48%

75%

79%

78%

73%

74%

30%

35%

46%

56%

36%

59%

  1. The results of case study # 3 have been omitted for simplicity.