Table 8 Biomechanical analysis of muscle force (%MVC), estimated force, injury thresholds, risk types, and asymmetry indices across different physical activities.
Activity | % of max voluntary contraction (MVC) | Estimated force (N) | Injury risk threshold (N) | Injury risk type | Asymmetry index (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Running | 45% | 150 | > 180 | Shin splints, Hamstring strain | 5.2 |
Jumping | 50% | 170 | > 200 | Patellar tendinopathy | 6.1 |
Squatting | 60% | 220 | > 250 | Lumbar disc stress | 7.8 |
Arm extension | 70% | 240 | > 270 | Rotator cuff strain | 6.3 |
Leg curl | 55% | 200 | > 230 | Hamstring tear | 5.7 |
Shoulder press | 65% | 230 | > 260 | Shoulder impingement | 4.9 |
Bicep curl | 75% | 260 | > 280 | Biceps tendonitis | 5.5 |
Tricep extension | 80% | 280 | > 300 | Elbow overuse injury | 6.8 |
