Table 8 Wilcoxon rank-sum test p-values comparing SFOA-Secant with other optimization algorithms for SDM, DDM, TDM, and PVM models.

From: Parameter extraction of photovoltaic cell/module models using starfish optimization algorithm with a secant-based objective function modification

SFOA-Secant vs.

SDM

DDM

TDM

PVM

SFOA

\(3.0199 \times 10^{-11}\)

+

\(3.82 \times 10^{-10}\)

+

\(5.07 \times 10^{-10}\)

+

\(3.02 \times 10^{-11}\)

+

ECO

\(3.0199 \times 10^{-11}\)

+

\(3.02 \times 10^{-11}\)

+

\(5.49 \times 10^{-11}\)

+

\(3.02 \times 10^{-11}\)

+

HO

\(3.0199 \times 10^{-11}\)

+

\(3.69 \times 10^{-11}\)

+

\(4.50 \times 10^{-11}\)

+

\(3.02 \times 10^{-11}\)

+

OOA

\(3.0199 \times 10^{-11}\)

+

\(3.02 \times 10^{-11}\)

+

\(3.02 \times 10^{-11}\)

+

\(3.02 \times 10^{-11}\)

+

ZOA

\(3.0199 \times 10^{-11}\)

+

\(3.69 \times 10^{-11}\)

+

\(4.98 \times 10^{-11}\)

+

\(3.02 \times 10^{-11}\)

+

ECO-Secant

\(3.0199 \times 10^{-11}\)

+

\(3.47 \times 10^{-10}\)

+

\(9.92 \times 10^{-11}\)

+

\(3.02 \times 10^{-11}\)

+

HO-Secant

\(3.0199 \times 10^{-11}\)

+

\(6.70 \times 10^{-11}\)

+

\(8.15 \times 10^{-11}\)

+

\(3.02 \times 10^{-11}\)

+

OOA-Secant

\(3.0199 \times 10^{-11}\)

+

\(3.02 \times 10^{-11}\)

+

\(3.02 \times 10^{-11}\)

+

\(3.02 \times 10^{-11}\)

+

ZOA-Secant

\(3.0199 \times 10^{-11}\)

+

\(1.09 \times 10^{-10}\)

+

\(5.49 \times 10^{-11}\)

+

\(3.02 \times 10^{-11}\)

+