Table 1 Mode alternative utility function parameters.

From: Modelling the evolution of the European high-speed rail infrastructure network

 

Access

Waiting

In-vehicle

Exit waiting

Egress

β coefficienta

\(\beta _{\text {acc}} = 1.36\)

\(\beta _{\text {accwait}} = 1.5\)

\(\beta _{\text {trav}} = 1\)

\(\beta _{\text {egrwait}} = 1.5\)

\(\beta _{\text {egr}} = 1.36\)

Car

-

\(t_{\text {accwait},car} = 10\%\)

\(t_{\text {trav},car}^\textrm{j}\)

\(t_{\text {trav},car} =\)

\(\text {ORS}* 1.2^\textrm{b}\)

-

-

Plane

\(t_{\text {acc},plane} =\)

\(\text {ORS} * 1.61^\textrm{c}\)

\(t_{\text {accwait},plane} = 2h^\textrm{d}\)

ttrav,plane=

\(t_{\text {egrwait},plane} =\)

\(0.5h^\textrm{d}\)

\(t_{\text {egr},plane} =\)

\(\frac{GCD}{700km/h}^\textrm{e}\)

\(\text {ORS} * 1.61^\textrm{c}\)

Conventional

rail

\(t_{\text {acc},rail} =\)

\(t_{\text {accwait},rail} = 0.25h^\textrm{f}\)

ttrav,rail=

- \(^\textrm{f}\)

\(t_{\text {egr},rail} =\)

\(\frac{\frac{1}{4} \text {City radius}}{30 \text { km/h}} * 1.1^\textrm{g}\)

\(\frac{ORS}{110km/h}*1.15^\textrm{h}\)

\(\frac{\frac{1}{4} \text { City radius}}{30 \text { km/h}}* 1.1^\textrm{g}\)

HSR

\(t_{\text {acc},HSR} =\)

\(t_{\text {accwait},HSR} = 0.25h^\textrm{f}\)

ttrav,HSR=

- \(^\textrm{f}\)

\(t_{\text {egr},HSR} =\)

\(\frac{\frac{1}{4} \text { City radius}}{30 \text { km/h}}* 1.1^\textrm{g}\)

\(\frac{MICRO layer}{220km/h}*1.09^\textrm{i}\)

\(\frac{\frac{1}{4}\text {City radius}}{30 \text { km/h}}* 1.1^\textrm{g}\)

  1. \(^\textrm{a}\) The weights for the utility parameters are based on the values used by11.
  2. \(^\textrm{b}\) Calculated via
  3. \(^\textrm{c}\) OpenRouteService (ORS) between city coordinates, adjusted with 1.2 detour factor28. OpenRouteService’s API calculates distance between city and nearest airport29, adjusted by detour factor of 1.6128, same for egress.
  4. \(^\textrm{d}\) Security checks and on-boarding procedures during access, baggage collection and terminal exiting for egress30.
  5. \(^\textrm{e}\) Great Circle Distance divided using an average speed of 700 km/h28.
  6. \(^\textrm{f}\) Accounting for an arbitrary 15 minutes access time to locate the platform and reaching the carriage. Exit waiting time is considered negligible.
  7. \(^\textrm{g}\) Access and egress times are based on one-quarter of the city radius, divided by 30 km/h and adjusted by a 1.1 detour factor28, using city-specific data from the OECD FUA database31.
  8. \(^\textrm{h}\) Same distance assumed for car and calculated with OpenRouteService (ORS), divided by 110 km/h and adjusted by 1.15 detour factor28.
  9. \(^\textrm{i}\) Microscopic layer based weighted shortest path (as explained in Section 4.1) divided by 220 km/h and adjusted with a 1.2 detour factor28.
  10. \(^{\textrm{j}}\) Arbitrary penalty of 10% added to the total in-vehicle time of car, to simulate pauses and stops along the trip