Table 3 Mean and standard deviations for co-contraction indices (% MVIC) during ER exercises and statistical results from ANOVAs.

Infraspinatus/

Posterior deltoid

6.3

(5.2)

7.6

(6.5)

7.3

(5.4)

6.1

(5.5)

8.0^*

(5.8)

p = 0.596

p = 0.005

p = 0.084

0.046

0.512

0.202

Serratus anterior/

Upper trapezius

3.5

(1.4)

5.3^a

(3.4)

11.6^{a, b}

(5.7)

6.6

(5.3)

7.0

(5.2)

p < 0.001

p = 0.158

p = 0.959

0.673

0.159

0.003

Lower trapezius/

Upper trapezius

5.7

(2.4)

8.3^a

(3.9)

10.4^{a, b}

(6.2)

7.2

(4.2)

9.1^*

(5.2)

p < 0.001^†

p < 0.001^†

p = 0.487^†

NA

NA

NA

Supraspinatus/

Infraspinatus

6.6

(10.2)

16.7^a

(7.8)

13.2

(9.7)

8.6

(8.3)

15.8^*

(10.4)

p < 0.001^†

p < 0.001^†

p = 0.267^†

NA

NA

NA

Supraspinatus/

Teres minor

5.4

(6.0)

7.9

(6.9)

7.4

(8.2)

5.6

(6.3)

8.2^*

(7.6)

p = 0.292

p = 0.012

p = 0.922

0.116

0.488

0.008

Infraspinatus/

Teres minor

4.6

(6.1)

7.4

(6.5)

3.8

(3.4)

4.4

(5.3)

7.4^*

(6.1)

p = 0.179^†

p < 0.001^†

p = 0.775^†

NA

NA

NA