Fig. 4 | Scientific Reports

Fig. 4

From: T-cell biomarkers improve urinary tract infection risk stratification beyond clinical characteristics after acute traumatic spinal cord injury

Fig. 4

Immunological candidate markers for UTI risk in the SCIentinel study. Associations of peripheral blood immune cell counts (a–b), cytokine release of ex vivo mitogen-stimulated T cells in whole blood (c), serum immunoglobulin concentrations (d), and further immune and immune-related parameters (e) to first UTI using Cox regression models with time varying covariates in patients of the SCIentinel study. Subpanels are labelled IA when PI × immune parameter interaction is present, meaning the association to UTI was different after PI occurred. Shown estimates were adjusted for age, sex, neurological level of injury, severity of injury, presence of accompanying injury, and, when no PI interaction term was included, for PI. Depending on biomarker availability, 53 to 68 patients were included in these analyses. Model details, concordance summaries, patient numbers, and HR estimates are shown in Supplementary Table S5. Abbreviations: Ab = antibody, calc. = calculated, ln = natural logarithm, mHLA-DR = monocytic Human Leukocyte Antigen-DR, NLR = neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, PI = pulmonary infection, UTI = urinary tract infection.

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