Table 4 Unit root test (CIPS and CADF).

From: Harnessing technological innovation and renewable energy and their impact on environmental pollution in G-20 countries

Variables

CIPS

CADF

I(0)

I(1)

I(0)

I(1)

lnRE

− 1.272*

− 6.118***

− 1.223*

− 3.336***

lnTI

− 0.613*

− 6.272***

− 1.245**

− 3.272***

lnFA

− 1.327

− 5.118***

− 1.828

− 2.882***

lnGDP

− 1.183

− 3.814***

− 3.217

− 2.638***

lnEPOL

1.214

− 2.528***

− 1.818

− 2.525***

lnEF

− 1.287

1.126***

− 3.422

− 1.245***

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