Fig. 4

Osmoprotectants found in date palm and mangrove by MALDI-MSI and metabolomics. (A-C) Osmoprotectants found by MALDI-MSI and shown in the SCiLS Lab software. (A) and (B) cross-sections from meristem and (C) cross-sections from differentiation. (A) Palmitic acid (255.2328 m/z) found only in date palm; (B) Trehalose (341.1089 m/z) and (C) Melibiose (381.0809 m/z) found in date palm and mangrove. An interval width of ± 18.9ppm and ± 20ppm were chosen to detect and display a single peak of interest within the given interval. The scale bar shows a blue color for low intensity and yellow for the highest intensity. A hot spot removal was performed at 99% so that the intensities were to 100%. The value at the right side of the scale bar shows the percentage value that indicates the proportion of the data that was affected by the hot spot removal process. (D-E) Heat maps of osmoprotectants found in the metabolomics data in date palm (D) and mangrove (E). Color represents the relative abundance as percentiles of the distribution of all the metabolites detected in the sample, where 1 would be the most abundant metabolite and 0 the least abundant. Row annotation color indicates the mode of the metabolomics experiment, negative and positive. Scale bars: 1 mm (A-C). Ae: Aerenchyma; Co: Cortex; E: Exodermis; OC: Outer Cortex; R/V: Rhizodermis/Velamen; Va: Vasculature.