Table 4 Logistic regression analyses of sex-based correlations of serum 25(OH)D levels with sarcopenia, low hand grip strength and low physical performances.

	Unadjusted sarcopenia		Adjusted sarcopenia		Unadjusted low HGS		Adjusted low HGS		Unadjusted low SPPB		Adjusted low SPPB
	OR (95% CI)	P value	OR (95% CI)	P value	OR (95% CI)	P value	OR (95% CI)	P value	OR (95% CI)	P value	OR (95% CI)	P value
Male
Age ≥ 75 years	1.95 (1.01–3.765)	0.047	2.018 (1.065–4.466)	0.033	2.024 (1.073–3.819)	0.029	2.078 (1.086–3.974)	0.027	3.164 (1.637–6.113)	0.001	3.269 (1.673–6.388)	0.001
BMI	0.773 (0.692–0.864)	< 0.001	0.769 (0.687–0.87)	< 0.001	0.968 (0.891–1.051)	0.438	0.97 (0.892–1.056)	0.485	1.01 (0.923–1.015)	0.826	1.005 (0.917–1.012)	0.916
Serum 25(OH)D	1.001 (0.975–1.028)	0.916	0.995 (0.968–1.024)	0.744	1.017 (0.992–1.042)	0.18	1.013 (0.988–1.039)	0.310	0.99 (0.964–1.018)	0.486	0.988 (0.96–1.016)	0.397
Female
Age ≥ 75 years	2.679 (0.939–7.647)	0.066	2.016 (0.65–6.225)	0.225	2.518 (1.057–5.998)	0.037	2.396 (0.981–5.855)	0.055	2.172 (0.996–4.736)	0.051	2.033 (0.924–4.477)	0.078
BMI	0.682 (0.551–0.844)	< 0.001	0.687 (0.552–0.854)	0.001	0.882 (0.772–1.007)	0.063	0.904 (0.788–1.037)	0.15	0.931 (0.846–1.024)	0.141	0.937 (0.848–1.035)	0.198
Serum 25(OH)D	0.999 (0.944–1.058)	0.985	0.981 (0.92–1.046)	0.553	1.025 (0.98–1.071)	0.28	1.018 (0.972–1.065)	0.449	0.995 (0.96–1.031)	0.763	0.991 (0.955–1.029)	0.632

The enter method was applied to this model and adjusted analysis adjusted for age, BMI, waist circumstance, hip circumstance, calf circumference, TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C, HbA1c and HOMA-IR. All models included the same variables and categorizations/groupings, for visual presentation only significant variable categories are presented.
OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; 25(OH)D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D; HGS, handgrip strength; SPPB, short physical performance battery.

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