Fig. 5

Malignant epithelial cell repopulation. (A), The results of malignant epithelial cell repopulation. (B), The proportion of malignant epithelial cell types in primary, lymphatic node, brain, and bone metastatic samples. (C), The proportion of malignant epithelial cell types in primary tumor (PT) and metastasis (MT) samples. (D), Gene set variation analysis (GSVA) reveals differences in hallmark pathways across malignant cell subpopulations. (E), The heat map shows the expression of cancer stem cell (CSCs) markers (E), characteristic genes for tumor proliferation (F), and characteristic genes for tumor migration (G) in various subpopulations of malignant cells. (H), Temporal analysis results of each subpopulation of malignant epithelial cells. (I), Temporal analysis of top50 gene expression heat map. (J), Genes in the pseudo-time-related cluster 3 significantly activate the MYC_TARGETS_V1 and OXIDATIVE_PHOSPHORYLATION pathways. (K), Changes in cancer cell stemness, proliferation, and invasion pathways along the pseudo-timeline. T: Primary tumor; BM: brain metastases; LM: lymphatic node metastases; OM: bone metastases; MT: metastases tumor.