Table 4 Performance Indicators.
From: MLP Enhanced CO2 Emission Prediction Model with LWSSA Nature Inspired Optimization
Metric | Formula | Definition |
|---|---|---|
R2 | \(\frac{\sum_{i=1}^{N} {\left({Y}_{i}^{\text{Exp}}-{\overline{Y} }^{\text{Exp}}\right)}^{2}-\sum_{i=1}^{N} {\left({Y}_{i}^{\text{Exp}}-{Y}_{i}^{MLP}\right)}^{2}}{\sum_{i=1}^{N} {\left({Y}_{i}^{\text{Exp}}-{\overline{Y} }^{\text{Exp}}\right)}^{2}}\) | Coefficient of Determination |
RMSE | \(\sqrt{\Sigma {\left({\text{Y}}_{\text{i}}^{MLP}-{\text{Y}}_{\text{i}}^{\text{Exp}}\right)}^{2}/\text{n}}\) | Root Mean Square Error |
MSLE | \(\frac{1}{N}\sum_{i=0}^{N} {\left(\text{log}\left({\text{Y}}_{\text{i}}^{\text{ExP}}+1\right)-\text{log}\left({\text{Y}}_{\text{i}}^{MLP}+1\right)\right)}^{2}\) | Mean Square Logarithm Error |
MAE | \(\frac{1}{N}{\sum }_{i=1}^{n} \left|{\text{Y}}_{\text{i}}^{\text{Exp}}-{\text{Y}}_{\text{i}}^{MLP}\right|\) | Mean absolute error |
MAPE | \(M = \frac{1}{n}\sum\limits_{t = 1}^{n} {\left| {\frac{{Y_{i}^{Exp} - Y_{i}^{MLP} }}{{Y_{i}^{Exp} }}} \right|}\) | Mean Absolute Percentage Error |
