Table 5 Training Results of Optimizer-based MLP Models.

Model	R²	RMSE	MSLE	MAE	MAPE
EDO-MLP	0.889406	0.094487	0.004307	0.070977	0.841958
LWSSA-MLP	0.974899	0.048447	0.000916	0.038289	0.435649
MFO-MLP	0.954088	0.065521	0.001868	0.049655	0.184302
SSA-MLP	0.960668	0.060645	0.001829	0.050948	1.452752
TSO-MLP	0.972769	0.050461	0.001123	0.038808	0.158316
YDSE-MLP	0.923109	0.078786	0.003002	0.063656	0.872722
MLP	0.905426	0.094039	0.003886	0.072181	2.367216
RWGWO-MLP	0.951567	0.062529	0.002123	0.047031	0.234546
AVOA-MLP	0.967993	0.050831	0.000976	0.036251	0.165402
GRO-MLP	0.934530	0.072699	0.002052	0.054381	0.210376
HBA-MLP	0.897429	0.090996	0.003582	0.067897	0.177824

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