Table 6 Testing Results of Optimizer-based MLP Models.

From: MLP Enhanced CO2 Emission Prediction Model with LWSSA Nature Inspired Optimization

Model

R2

RMSE

MSLE

MAE

MAPE

EDO-MLP

0.913295

0.095613

0.00505

0.080611

5.405761

LWSSA-MLP

0.969029

0.045385

0.000746

0.03573

0.060454

MFO-MLP

0.917055

0.074273

0.002488

0.060413

0.132387

SSA-MLP

0.924609

0.07081

0.002582

0.054552

0.108354

TSO-MLP

0.946231

0.0598

0.001717

0.048451

0.096465

YDSE-MLP

0.917537

0.093245

0.004769

0.079968

5.023884

MLP

0.892617

0.084509

0.002259

0.065382

0.100891

RWGWO-MLP

0.950289

0.072397

0.003123

0.049353

0.187967

AVOA-MLP

0.966094

0.059791

0.001591

0.045396

0.170198

GRO-MLP

0.936792

0.081636

0.002965

0.060765

0.231769

HBA-MLP

0.925878

0.088403

0.003558

0.066283

0.263338

  1. Bold represent the best values in the table.