Fig. 2

CO₂ production rates (in µmoles CO₂ mL⁻¹ d⁻¹) for four 0.2-µm filtered deionized (DI) water solutions containing various combinations of non-enzymatic browning reactants (n = 3 for each). The four treatments were: DI Water (negative control), Amines (positive control; super-saturated solutions of L-aspartic acid and sodium glutamate), 1 M GalA (1 M galacturonic acid), and 1 M GalA + Amines (1 M galacturonic acid + super-saturated L-aspartic acid and sodium glutamate). Variants on these treatments (not pictured) are indicated in Table S3.