Table 1 Summary of the evaluated gait measures for the selected trials.

From: How knee muscles and ground reaction forces shape knee buckling and ankle push-off in neuromuscular simulations of human walking

  1. The table summarizes the gait measures for the reference simulation and the three selected trials marked with a cross in figs. 4 to 3. The numbers in parentheses after the muscle names indicate when the muscle was deactivated in % of the gait cycle and how long it was inactive in seconds. The measures include: the forward walking speed \(\bar{v}_{x}\); the metabolic power consumption \(P_\text {metab}\); the stride time \(t_\text {stride}\); the step length \(l_\text {step}\); the ankle power amplification \(P_\text {amp}\) according to7 defined in eq. (3); the maximum positive ankle peak power \(P^+_\text {max}\); the maximum foot clearance in swing \(y_\text {f,\,max}\); the momentum change \(\Delta p_x\) and \(\Delta p_y\) of the trailing leg from the beginning of alleviating phase to TO defined in eq. (4); the angle change of the momentum vector from the beginning of alleviation phase to TO \(\Delta \alpha _p\); and the duty factor \(DF = {t_\text {stance}}/{t_\text {stride}}\). The color intensity for each cell encodes its deviation from the reference simulation. Within each row \(x_\text {row, ref}\), \(I_\text {color} = {|(x_\text {cell} - x_\text {row, ref})|}/{x_\text {row, ref}} \in [0, 1]\). The colors show the direction of change, where green marks an increase compared to the reference and orange a decrease.
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