Table 2 Participants’ characteristics, WHICAP (n = 1,743).
From: Inflammatory biomarkers profiles and cognition among older adults
Total Population | PC-1 score categories | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T1 (n = 581) | T2 (n = 581) | T3 (n = 581) | P-values | ||
Age, mean (SD) | 74.2 (6.1) | 72.3 (5.4) | 73.9 (5.9) | 76.4 (6.3) | < 0.001 |
Female, n (%) | 1161 (66.6) | 397 (68.3) | 388 (66.8) | 376 (64.7) | 0.42 |
Education (years), mean (SD) | 11.3 (5.1) | 12.6 (4.6) | 11.6 (5.1) | 9.7 (5.1) | < 0.001 |
Race/Ethnicity, n (%) | < 0.001 | ||||
Hispanic | 839 (48.1) | 209 (36.0) | 264 (45.4) | 366 (63.0) | |
Non-Hispanic Black | 478 (27.4) | 194 (33.4) | 167 (28.7) | 117 (20.1) | |
Non-Hispanic White | 396 (22.7) | 167 (28.7) | 134 (23.1) | 95 (16.4) | |
Others | 30 (1.7) | 11 (1.9) | 16 (2.8) | 3 (0.5) | |
APOE ɛ4 carrier, n (%) | 458 (26.3) | 154 (26.5) | 168 (28.9) | 136 (23.4) | 0.10 |
BMI (kg/m2), mean (SD) | 28.0 (4.4) | 27.5 (4.4) | 28.1 (4.3) | 28.6 (4.5) | < 0.001 |
Smoking status, n (%) | 0.02 | ||||
Never | 910 (52.2) | 299 (51.5) | 283 (48.7) | 328 (56.5) | |
Former | 702 (40.3) | 229 (39.4) | 261 (44.9) | 212 (36.5) | |
Current | 131 (7.5) | 53 (9.1) | 37 (6.4) | 41 (7.1) | |
Diabetes, n (%) | 584 (33.5) | 172 (29.6) | 195 (33.6) | 217 (37.3) | 0.02 |
Hypertension, n (%) | 1461 (83.8) | 467 (80.4) | 483 (83.1) | 511 (88.0) | 0.002 |
Stroke, n (%) | 91 (5.3) | 26 (4.5) | 32 (5.6) | 33 (5.7) | 0.61 |
Heart diseases, n (%) | 656 (37.6) | 199 (34.3) | 221 (38.0) | 236 (40.6) | 0.08 |
Vascular comorbidity score, mean (SD) | 1.60 (0.95) | 1.49 (0.96) | 1.60 (0.99) | 1.72 (0.89) | < 0.001 |
Anti-inflammatory medication, n (%) | 790 (45.3) | 225 (38.7) | 270 (46.5) | 295 (50.8) | < 0.001 |
Global cognition composite score (range, -3.5; 1.7), mean (SD) | 0.00 (0.84) | 0.27 (0.75) | 0.03 (0.84) | − 0.29 (0.82) | < 0.001 |
Memory composite score (range, -2.3; 2.0), mean (SD) | 0.36 (0.74) | 0.50 (0.74) | 0.36 (0.77) | 0.20 (0.68) | < 0.001 |
Processing speed composite score (range, -4.0; 2.0), mean (SD) | 0.28 (1.11) | 0.61 (0.87) | 0.34 (1.09) | − 0.10 (1.23) | < 0.001 |
Visuospatial functions composite score (range, -2.3; 1.4), mean (SD) | 0.42 (0.58) | 0.60 (0.51) | 0.42 (0.58) | 0.23 (0.58) | < 0.001 |
Language composite score (range, -2.1; 3.3), mean (SD) | 0.43 (0.67) | 0.61 (0.64) | 0.46 (0.68) | 0.23 (0.64) | < 0.001 |
