Table 3 Associations of PC-1 and PC-5 scores with cognition, estimated by linear mixed models, WHICAP (n = 1,743).

	Baseline cognitive performances		Cognitive change
	β [95%CI]	P-value	β [95%CI]	P-value
	PC-1 score
Global cognition	− 0.05 [− 0.09; − 0.02]	0.004	0.001 [− 0.004; 0.01]	0.71
Memory	− 0.01 [− 0.05; 0.03]	0.69	0.0003 [− 0.01; 0.01]	0.94
Processing speed	− 0.07 [− 0.11; − 0.03]	< 0.001	− 0.001 [− 0.007; 0.01]	0.82
Visuospatial function	− 0.06 [− 0.10; − 0.03]	0.001	0.004 [− 0.003; 0.01]	0.25
Language	− 0.04 [− 0.08; − 0.001]	0.04	0.003 [− 0.002; 0.01]	0.25
	PC − 5 score
Global cognition	− 0.03 [− 0.06; 0.01]	0.14	− 0.01 [− 0.01; − 0.002]	0.004
Memory	− 0.02 [− 0.06; 0.02]	0.43	− 0.01 [− 0.02; − 0.003]	0.01
Processing speed	− 0.03 [− 0.07; 0.005]	0.09	− 0.002 [− 0.01; 0.004]	0.54
Visuospatial function	− 0.01 [− 0.05; 0.03]	0.55	− 0.01 [− 0.02; − 0.003]	0.01
Language	− 0.03 [− 0.06; 0.01]	0.16	− 0.001 [− 0.01; 0.004]	0.70

The table presents the β coefficients and 95% confidence intervals for the associations of continuous PC-1 and PC-5 scores with cognitive z-scores at baseline and cognitive decline over the 12-year follow-up. The trajectories of change in cognition were estimated using linear mixed models across up to 6 repeated neurocognitive examinations. Models consider a linear function of time, with corresponding random effect, and include an intercept representing the cognitive z-score at baseline (and corresponding random effect), PC-1 pro-inflammatory score or PC-5 score (continuous, standardized), covariates (age, gender, race/ethnicity, status for ɛ4 allele of the apolipoprotein E [APOEɛ4] gene, and indicator for first cognitive assessment), and their interactions with time. The estimate for baseline association is the coefficient for the PC-1 pro-inflammatory score or PC-5 variable term; and the estimate for cognitive decline is the coefficient for the PC-1 or PC-5 score-by-time interaction term. Effect estimates are reported for 1-SD increase in PC scores.

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