Table 4 Comparison results of GM-PFF and PFF in the NASA PCoE battery dataset.

From: Remaining useful life prediction of lithium-ion batteries using a novel particle flow filter framework with grey model

Batteries cycle

B05

B06

B18

70

80

90

70

80

90

70

80

90

GM-PFF

RMSE

0.0382

0.0339

0.0396

0.0288

0.0246

0.0426

0.0492

0.0474

0.0495

AE

6

3

2

3

5

3

1

3

8

PI

3

3

6

6

6

6

2

2

2

PFF

RMSE

0.0418

0.0492

0.0495

0.0461

0.0396

0.0454

0.0529

0.0526

0.0571

AE

6

13

6

3

8

14

11

13

13

PI

4

4

7

7

6

5

2

2

2

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