Table 1 Proposed antenna vs other wearable antennas.
[Ref.] (Year) | (2022) | (2023) | (2023) | (2023) | (2024) | (2024) | (2024) | Prop. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Antenna type | MIMO | MIMO | MIMO | Single | MIMO | MIMO | MIMO | MIMO |
Isolation | 15 | 20 | 19.8 | – | 20 | 12 | 20 | 25 |
Area (mm2) | 92 × 92 | 33 × 22.5 | 80 × 40 | 55 × 55 | 56 × 41 | 40 × 50 | 44 × 44 | 24 × 24 |
Area (λ02) | 0.75 × 0.75 (0.56) | 0.38 × 0.26 (0.10) | 1.67 × 0.81 (1.357) | 0.37 × 0.25 (0.09) | 0.41 × 0.3 (0.123) | 0.47 × 0.40 (0.192) | 0.63 × 0.63 (0.39) | 0.28 × 0.28 (0.078) |
Frequency (GHz) | 2–14 | 3.4/5.3 | 5.6 | 2.4 | 4.0/8.1 | 4.6 | 4.3 | 3.5/5.2 |
Bandwidth (%) | 120 | 11/08 | 34.87 | 3.8 | 110.5 | 74 | 2.2 | 11.4/17.5 |
Peak gain (dBi) | 7.2 | 7.2/5.6 | 7.95 | 3.86 | 4.3 | 6.7 | 3.0 | 8.3/13.0 |
Bending analysis done | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
ECC | 0.04 | 0.05 | 0.35 | – | 0.002 | 0.0005 | 0.015 | 0.006/0.002 |
SAR (W/Kg) 1 g/10 g | 0.0125/– (at 50 mW) | 0.36/0.35 0.51/0.53 (at 1 W) | – | – | 100.6/66.7 39.6/25.2 (at 1 W) | 1.93/– (at 1 W) | – | 0.034/0.057 0.026/0.013 (at 0.5 W) |
