Table 2 Case 2 averaged feature scores over all patients and times for each cluster (C_l, l = 1–4), for \({thres}_{gr}=3.75\) and λ = 0.01.

	C_l	1	2	3	4
Averaged feature scores	Cogn. sc \({(\omega }_{1l})\)	207.5 (0.0)	287.8 (0.0)	191.0 (1.0)*	148.9 (0.0)
	Mot. sc \({(\omega }_{2l})\)	-22.1 (0.0)	-4.1 (1.0)*	-20.5 (0.0)	-34.2 (0.0)
	Psych. sc \({(\omega }_{3l})\)	-10.0 (0.99)*	-14.1 (0.0)	-17.1 (0.0)	-22.3 (0.0)
	Caud. vol \({(\omega }_{4l})\)	1.3e-3 (0.0)	1.7e-3 (0.0)	1.2e-3 (0.0)	1.1e-3 (0.33)*
	Put. vol \({(\omega }_{5l})\)	1.7e-3 (0.0)	2.2e-3 (0.0)	1.6e-3 (0.0)	1.4e-3 (0.0)
	Acc. vol \({(\omega }_{16})\)	1.6e-4 (0.01)	2.1e-4 (0.0)	1.4e-4 (0.0)	1.3e-4 (0.67)*
Averaged fitted polynomials of degree 1	Cogn. sc. y_fit,1	-10.4*t + 226.8	-11.1*t + 320.4	-22.1*t + 243.4	-12.4*t + 187.1
	Mot. sc y_fit,2	-1.1*t -18.9	-1.9*t + 0.5	-3.6*t -10.2	-5.4*t -18.3
	Psych. sc y_fit,3	-2.6*t -6.2	0.8*t -16.0	-1.0*t -14.8	0*t -22.4
	Caud. vol y_fit,4	-1.1e-4*t + 1.6e-3	-3.4e-4*t + 2.6e-3	-2.9e-4*t + 2.0e-3	-2.8e-4*t + 2.0e-3
	Put. vol. y_fit,5	-2.2e-4*t + 2.2e-3	-4.3e-4*t + 3.3e-3	-3.9e-4*t + 2.7e-3	-3.4e-4*t + 2.5e-3
	Acc. vol. y_fit,6	-2.1e-5*t + 2.0e-4	-4.0e-5*t + 3.2e-4	-3.8e-5*t + 2.4e-4	-3.2e-5*t + 2.2e-4
	Averaged y_fit,all	-2.3*t + 33.6	-2.0*t + 50.8	-4.5*t + 36.4	-3.0*t + 24.4

The corresponding distribution of the score weights \({\omega }_{kl}, k=1-6\) is also reported in parenthesis. Subsequently, the averaged fitted polynomials of degree 1 are shown with respect to time for each feature separately averaged over all patients (y_fit,k, k = 1–6) and averaged over all features and all patients (y_fit,all). Higher score values indicate improved functioning.
*The asterisk denotes feature scores that contributed more than 5% to the cluster assignment \((\text{i}.\text{e}. {\omega }_{kl}>0.05)\); The abbreviated descriptions of the left column refer to the following features (sequentially, see also Table S2): total cognitive score, total motor score, total psychiatric score, caudate volume, putamen volume and nucleus accumbens volume (the three latter denote averaged MRI volumes across right and left hemispheres for each participant).

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