Fig. 1

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) training simulator 3D modeling and fabrication. The ampulla-common bile duct (CBD) module represents the removable ampullary and CBD component. The ERCP phantom is fixed in the prone position using a supporting stand (saddle part). (A) 3D modeling. (B) Overhead view of the 3D modeling. (C) Disassembled view of the 3D modeling. (D) Fabrication of the ERCP training simulator.