Fig. 2
From: Cesarean delivery on child health and development in Japanese nationwide birth cohort
Adjusted risk ratios for multiple child health and developmental outcomes associated with cesarean section versus vaginal delivery, with 95% confidence intervals. Each outcome was analyzed separately. Adjusted for maternal age at delivery, parity, multiple births, prenatal fetal anomalies, presentation, maternal transfer status, maternal underlying diseases, pregnancy complications, maternal smoking during pregnancy, maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy, maternal education attainment, paternal age, paternal education attainment, and place of residence at birth. Maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index was also adjusted in the obesity outcome model.
