Table 2 Multiple regression analysis of mothers’ digital media use duration and KSPD scores (N = 3,786).

From: Association between the duration of mothers’ digital media use while with their children and two-year-old children’s development from the Japan Environment and Children’s Study

  

Overall (n = 3,786)a

Boys (n = 1,911)a

Girls (n = 1,875)a

  

B

β

95% CI

p

B

β

95% CI

p

B

β

95% CI

p

Total DQ

 Mothers’ digital media use duration (hours)

None

ref

     

ref

     

ref

     

 < 1

−0.08

−.004

−1.02

–

0.87

.87

0.23

.01

−1.00

–

1.46

.71

−0.63

−.03

−2.04

–

0.77

.38

 

1 to < 2

−0.87

−.03

−2.11

–

0.36

.17

−0.70

−.03

−2.34

–

0.93

.40

−1.46

−.05

−3.27

–

0.34

.11

 

 > 2

−2.07

−.04

−3.86

–

−0.28

.02

−1.67

−.04

−4.03

–

0.68

.16

−2.50

−.05

−5.11

–

0.12

.06

P-M DQ

 Mothers’ digital media use duration (hours)

None

ref

     

ref

     

ref

     

 < 1

−0.14

−.004

−1.79

–

1.52

.87

0.91

.02

−1.38

–

3.21

.44

−1.46

−.04

−3.86

–

0.94

.23

 

1 to < 2

−0.49

−.01

−2.65

–

1.67

.66

1.37

.03

−1.67

–

4.42

.38

−2.75

−.06

−5.83

–

0.34

.08

 

 > 2

−2.34

−.03

−5.47

–

0.79

.14

−1.18

−.01

−5.57

–

3.21

.60

−3.76

−.05

−8.24

–

0.71

.10

C-A DQ

 Mothers’ digital media use duration (hours)

None

ref

     

ref

     

ref

     

 < 1

0.87

.03

−0.28

−

2.03

.14

1.07

.04

−0.44

–

2.59

.16

0.50

.02

−1.22

–

2.22

.57

 

1 to < 2

0.72

.02

−0.78

–

2.22

.35

0.35

.01

−1.67

–

2.36

.74

0.73

.02

−1.48

–

2.94

.52

 

 > 2

−0.30

−.005

−2.48

–

1.88

.79

−0.45

−.01

−3.35

–

2.45

.76

−0.20

−.003

−3.41

–

3.00

.90

L-S DQ

 Mothers’ digital media use duration (hours)

None

ref

     

ref

     

ref

     

 < 1

−0.96

−.03

−2.29

–

0.38

.16

−0.61

−.02

−2.40

–

1.18

.50

−1.70

−.06

−3.61

–

0.21

.08

 

1 to < 2

−3.07

−.08

−4.81

–

−1.33

 < .001

−2.64

−.07

−5.01

–

−0.27

.03

−4.12

−.11

−6.57

–

−1.67

 < .001

 

 > 2

−5.24

−.08

−7.76

–

−2.73

 < .001

−5.21

−.08

−8.64

–

−1.79

.003

−5.10

−.08

−8.66

–

−1.55

.01

  1. Partial regression coefficient (B), Standardized partial regression coefficients (β), reference (ref), confidence interval (CI), Kyoto Scale of Psychological Development (KSPD) 2001, Developmental Quotient (DQ), Postural-Motor (P-M), Cognitive-Adaptive (C-A), Language-Social (L-S).
  2. aAdjusted for maternal age at delivery; marital status; maternal psychological distress; neuropsychiatric disorders in mothers; maternal bonding failure; maternal education level; paternal education level; maternal occupation; household income; family structure; partner’s frequency of participating in child care activities; frequency of meeting with other parents of same-aged children; number of children including the participant; presence of physical anomalies; attendance at a daycare center or nursery; frequency of reading to the child; number of hours per day the child is allowed to watch TV or DVDs; outdoor playtime during summer and winter.
Back to article page