Table 3 Effects of different tillage and fertilizer types on nitrogen uptake and use efficiency of maize.

From: Effects of combined application of slow-release nitrogen fertilizer and urea on nitrogen uptake, utilization and yield of maize under two tillage methods

Year

Treatment

N uptake

efficiency

(kg kg−1)

N use

efficiency

(kg kg−1)

N productive

efficiency

(kg kg−1)

N harvest

Index (%)

2022

R-CK

0

50.2 ± 0.02e

0

56.3 ± 0.08e

R-U

0.74 ± 0.02c

52.11 ± 0.03d

38.6 ± 0.35e

61.49 ± 0.26d

R-S

0.81 ± 0.03bc

52.92 ± 0.05c

42.78 ± 0.43d

62.54 ± 0.21c

R-UNS1

0.85 ± 0.02ab

53.08 ± 0.07bc

45.05 ± 0.54c

63.59 ± 0.18b

R-UNS2

0.92 ± 0.01a

53.45 ± 0.06a

49.04 ± 0.27a

64.61 ± 0.17a

R-UNS3

0.88 ± 0.01ab

53.22 ± 0.07b

47.09 ± 0.2b

63.84 ± 0.13b

R + S-CK

0

50.82 ± 0.05e

0

57.7 ± 0.37d

R + S-U

0.71 ± 0.03c

52.09 ± 0.06d

36.95 ± 0.23e

60.77 ± 0.21c

R + S–S

0.78 ± 0.03bc

52.72 ± 0.07c

41.1 ± 0.27d

61.64 ± 0.31b

R + S-UNS1

0.83 ± 0.02ab

53.03 ± 0.09b

43.99 ± 0.26c

63.09 ± 0.2a

R + S-UNS2

0.88 ± 0.01a

53.38 ± 0.04a

47.13 ± 0.55a

63.74 ± 0.16a

R + S-UNS3

0.86 ± 0.02a

53.19 ± 0.07ab

45.79 ± 0.31b

63.46 ± 0.15a

Significant level(F value)

Tillage(T)

ns

ns

**

**

Fertilization(F)

**

**

**

**

T × F

ns

ns

ns

ns

2023

R-CK

0

50.1 ± 0.04e

0

56.2 ± 0.22e

R-U

0.7 ± 0.02c

51.99 ± 0.03d

36.31 ± 0.18e

59.96 ± 0.21d

R-S

0.74 ± 0.03bc

52.52 ± 0.09c

39.03 ± 0.28c

61.31 ± 0.18c

R-UNS1

0.8 ± 0.01ab

52.92 ± 0.05ab

42.13 ± 0.25b

62.73 ± 0.19b

R-UNS2

0.85 ± 0.01a

53.12 ± 0.03a

45.34 ± 0.27a

63.43 ± 0.14a

R-UNS3

0.79 ± 0.02b

52.75 ± 0.09b

41.43 ± 0.5b

62.57 ± 0.21b

R + S-CK

0

51.33 ± 0.06e

0

55.52 ± 0.33e

R + S-U

0.68 ± 0.01c

51.91 ± 0.05d

35.3 ± 0.28d

59.48 ± 0.31d

R + S–S

0.76 ± 0.03b

52.64 ± 0.06c

41.1 ± 0.31c

61.45 ± 0.12c

R + S-UNS1

0.81 ± 0.02ab

52.95 ± 0.08b

42.83 ± 0.71bc

62.81 ± 0.08b

R + S-UNS2

0.87 ± 0.01a

53.3 ± 0.03a

46.34 ± 0.32a

63.59 ± 0.08a

R + S-UNS3

0.84 ± 0.02a

53.13 ± 0.07ab

44.49 ± 0.65b

63.25 ± 0.13ab

Significant level(F value)

Tillage(T)

ns

**

**

ns

Fertilization(F)

**

**

**

**

T × F

ns

*

**

ns

  1. R: rotary tillage; R + S: rotary tillage + subsoiling; CK: no fertilization; U: 300 kg hm−2urea, 0 kg hm−2 slow-release nitrogen fertilizer; S: 0 kg hm−2 urea, 530.7 kg hm−2 slow-release nitrogen fertilizer; UNS1: 60 kg hm−2 urea, 424.6 kg hm−2 slow-release nitrogen fertilizer; UNS2: 90 kg hm−2 urea, 371.5 kg hm−2 slow-release nitrogen fertilizer; UNS3: 120 kg hm−2 urea, 318.4 kg hm−2 slow-release nitrogen fertilizer; Different alphabets indicate the significance within the same year at 5% level by LSD test. ns, not significant, (p  > 0.05).* Significant at p  < 0.05. ** Significant at p < 0.01.
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