Fig. 5

The effects of the canal phase (when filled by bone, liquid or air) on the various elastic constants in OUMNH PAL-J.028331. The final variables are given in cylindrical coordinates representing the homogenised properties of the cortical bone modelled as a cylinder. Ei is Young’s modulus in the i direction, Gij is the Shear Modulus in the ij plane, and νij is Poisson’s ratio in the ij plane (see Supplementary Table S1).