Table 3 Characteristics of the study population according presence of ARDS within patients with mechanical ventilation.

From: Impact of acute respiratory distress syndrome on outcome in critically ill patients with liver cirrhosis

Variables

ARDS

(n = 61)

No ARDS

(n = 360)

p value

Age, years (median; IQR)

58 (48–65)

59 (51–65)

0.42

Sex, male (n, %)

39 (64)

226 (63)

0.86

Cause of ICU admission, (n, %)

  

< 0.001

- Infection/Sepsis

25 (41)

51 (14)

 

- Bleeding

5 (8)

100 (28)

 

- Renal failure/Hepatorenal Syndrome

2 (3)

23 (6)

 

- Cardiovascular

0 (0)

3 (1)

 

- Hepatic encephalopathy

6 (10)

30 (8)

 

- Surgery/Intervention

8 (13)

74 (21)

 

- Other

15 (25)

79 (22)

 

MELD score, points (median; IQR)

28 (16–36)

21 (14–29)

0.006

Child-Pugh score, points (median; IQR)

11 (9–13)

10 (8–12)

0.004

SOFA, points (median; IQR)

14 (10–18)

13 (11–16)

0.32

SAPS II, points (median; IQR)

54 (38–69)

52 (38–64)

0.36

CLIF-SOFA, points (median; IQR)

15 (11–19)

14 (12–17)

0.18

CLIF-C ACLF, points (median; IQR)

59 (50–63)

57 (52–61)

0.19

CLIF-C ACLF Lactate, points (median; IQR)

60 (54–69)

57 (51–66)

0.07

Therapy, (n, %)

   

- Vasopressor support

48 (79)

313 (86)

0.09

- Mechanical Ventilation

61 (100)

360 (100)

-

- Renal Replacement therapy

36 (59)

176 (49)

0.143

ACLF grade - on admission*, (n, %)

  

0.33

- No ACLF

4 (6)

12 (3)

 

- ACLF grade 1

5 (8)

20 (6)

 

- ACLF grade 2

12 (20)

54 (15)

 

- ACLF grade 3

40 (66)

271 (75)

 

Vital signs – on admission, (median; IQR)

   

- Heart rate, bpm

89 (80–109)

86 (70–102)

0.02

- Mean arterial pressure, mmHg

75 (62–86)

74 (64–86)

0.73

- Body temperature, C°

35.9 (35.2–36.7)

35.7 (34.6–36.5)

0.12

Blood gas analysis – on admission, (median; IQR)

   

- paO2, mmHg

79 (69–105)

101 (81–147)

< 0.001

- paCO2, mmHg

42 (33–49)

37 (29–43)

0.006

- pH, level

7.30 (7.20–7.40)

7.34 (7.25–7.41)

0.06

- Base-Excess, mmol/l

-6 (-12–0)

-5 (-11 – -1)

0.75

- Bicarbonate, mmol/l

19 (15–24)

20 (16–23)

0.46

- Lactate, mmol/l

3.1 (1.9–6.5)

2.6 (1.4–6.1)

0.21

Laboratory – on admission, (median; IQR)

   

- Leukocytes, G/l

12.8 (9.4–19.1)

9.3 (6.2–14.7)

< 0.001

- Creatinine, mg/dl

1.6 (0.9–2.9)

1.6 (1.0–2.6)

0.99

- Bilirubin, mg/dl

5.4 (2.2–10.1)

2.4 (1.2–6.4)

< 0.001

- CRP, mg/dl

44 (24–89)

22 (8–54)

< 0.001

- INR

1.7 (1.3–2.3)

1.5 (1.2–1.9)

0.02

Outcome, (n, %)

   

- LOS – ICU, days (median; IQR)

6 (2–13)

7 (3–16)

0.35

- LOS – Hospital, days (median; IQR)

14 (7–24)

19 (10–35)

0.04

- 28-day Mortality/tx (n, %)

40 (66)

196 (54)

0.11

- 90-day Mortality/tx (n, %)

43 (70)

226 (63)

0.25

  1. Abbreviations: IQR, interquartile range; n, number; MV, mechanical ventilation; ICU, intensive care unit; MELD, Model of End Stage Liver Disease; SOFA, sequential organ failure assessment; SAPS, simplified acute physiology score; CLIF, Chronic Liver Failure; ACLF, Acute-on-chronic liver failure; CRP, C Reactive Protein; INR, international normalized ratio; LOS, length of stay; tx, transplantation;
  2. * 3 missing;
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