Fig. 1

(a–c) Lens culinaris physiological responses (a Total chlorophyll contents (SPAD-value), b Relative water content %, c Membrane stability index %) as affected by applied Si and nano-Si in Pb-toxic soil condition (Means + SE, n = 3). [LSD values for treatments interactions: total chlorophyll contents, Pb × treatment = 2.5891; relative water content, Pb × treatment = 7.3009; membrane stability index, Pb × treatment = 7.2516].