Table 13 Performance parameters with non-linearities under EV parameter variation.

From: Frequency stability improvement in EV-integrated power systems using optimized fuzzy-sliding mode control and real-time validation

Frequency deviation

Specification

GOA

MGOA

Tie-line power deviation

Specification

GOA

MGOA

\(\Delta f_{1}\)

\(u_{s} \times 10^{ - 3}\)

in Hz

− 0.6631

− 0.5961

\(\Delta ptie_{12}\)

\(u_{s} \times 10^{ - 3}\)

in puMW

− 0.1419

− 0.1156

\(o_{s} \times 10^{ - 3}\)

in Hz

0.8070

0.5482

\(o_{s} \times 10^{ - 3}\)

in puMW

0.6573

0.3394

\(t_{s} \,\) in sec

4.73

3.49

\(t_{s} \,\) in sec

4.50

3.22

\(\Delta f_{2}\)

\(u_{s} \times 10^{ - 3}\)

in Hz

− 0.1774

− 0.1405

\(\Delta ptie_{23}\)

\(u_{s} \times 10^{ - 3}\)

in puMW

− 0.3270

− 0.1700

\(o_{s} \times 10^{ - 3}\)

in Hz

0.7806

0.3919

\(o_{s} \times 10^{ - 3}\)

in puMW

0.0740

0.0590

\(t_{s} \,\) in sec

4.81

3.57

\(t_{s} \,\) in sec

3.03

3.03

\(\Delta f_{3}\)

\(u_{s} \times 10^{ - 3}\)

in Hz

− 0.1709

− 0.1395

\(\Delta ptie_{31}\)

\(u_{s} \times 10^{ - 3}\)

in puMW

− 0.3303

− 0.1694

\(o_{s} \times 10^{ - 3}\)

in Hz

0.7782

0.3920

\(o_{s} \times 10^{ - 3}\)

in puMW

0.0681

0.0565

\(t_{s} \,\) in sec

4.81

3.57

\(t_{s} \,\) in sec

3.03

3.03