Table 6 Regression results of ordered probit models to estimate crash severity for single-vehicle and multi-vehicle crashes by roadway class.

From: The internal and external cost of motor vehicle crashes

			Primary arterial			Minor arterial			Collector			Local roads
			Est.	S.E.		Est.	S.E.		Est.	S.E.		Est.	S.E.
Single-vehicle crashes	Coef.	log(Q)	0.007	0.004	.	− 0.034	0.007	***	− 0.049	0.011	***	− 0.029	0.013	*
		log(L)	− 0.002	0.007		0.005	0.009		0.004	0.013		0.049	0.018	*
		V_Var	− 0.000	0.000		0.001	0.001	*	− 0.002	0.001		− 0.001	0.004
		U	− 0.036	0.023		− 0.121	0.021	***	− 0.062	0.036	.	− 0.054	0.048
		W_Wet	− 0.270	0.018	***	− 0.146	0.023	***	− 0.204	0.039	***	− 0.152	0.051	***
		W_Snow	− 0.503	0.021	***	− 0.388	0.027	***	− 0.383	0.044	***	− 0.345	0.058	***
		W_Iced	− 0.339	0.019	***	− 0.375	0.024	***	− 0.482	0.039	***	− 0.441	0.051	***
		W_Others	− 0.330	0.032	***	− 0.083	0.036	*	− 0.100	0.059	.	− 0.122	0.075
		D_light-on	− 0.059	0.014	***	− 0.088	0.018	***	− 0.102	0.029	***	− 0.066	0.036	.
		D_light-off	− 0.167	0.023	***	− 0.253	0.021	***	− 0.112	0.037	***	− 0.009	0.054
	Const.	1\|2	0.377	0.046	***	0.013	0.059		− 0.210	0.091	*	0.018	0.112
		2\|3	1.081	0.047	***	0.597	0.059	***	0.348	0.091	***	0.572	0.112	***
		3\|4	1.984	0.049	***	1.282	0.060	***	1.021	0.091	***	1.210	0.114	***
		4\|5	2.411	0.052	***	1.705	0.061	***	1.420	0.094	***	1.565	0.116	***
	AIC		64,572			52,530			19,534			11,185
	R2		0.014			0.012			0.014			0.011
Multi-vehicle crashes	Coef.	log(Q)	− 0.035	0.002	***	− 0.044	0.003	***	− 0.010	0.006	.	− 0.012	0.006	.
		log(L)	0.043	0.004	***	0.053	0.003	***	0.044	0.006	***	0.028	0.008	***
		V_Var	− 0.001	0.000	***	0.001	0.000	***	0.000	0.000		0.000	0.001
		U	− 0.088	0.016	***	− 0.129	0.013	***	− 0.155	0.026	***	0.091	0.029	***
		W_Wet	− 0.041	0.010	***	− 0.069	0.008	***	− 0.099	0.014	***	− 0.105	0.021	***
		W_Snow	− 0.245	0.017	***	− 0.370	0.013	***	− 0.452	0.023	***	− 0.439	0.030	***
		W_Iced	− 0.145	0.016	***	− 0.424	0.013	***	− 0.442	0.021	***	− 0.469	0.027	***
		W_Others	− 0.119	0.027	***	− 0.270	0.019	***	− 0.306	0.031	***	− 0.358	0.046	***
		D_light-on	0.071	0.009	***	0.066	0.007	***	− 0.029	0.013	*	− 0.051	0.018	***
		D_light-off	0.199	0.022	***	− 0.003	0.018		− 0.288	0.031	***	− 0.315	0.042	***
	Const.	1\|2	0.074	0.028	*	− 0.129	0.028	***	0.130	0.051	*	0.440	0.062	***
		2\|3	0.991	0.029	***	0.704	0.028	***	0.938	0.052	***	1.225	0.062	***
		3\|4	1.858	0.030	***	1.539	0.029	***	1.781	0.052	***	2.049	0.064	***
		4\|5	2.330	0.034	***	2.181	0.031	***	2.438	0.057	***	2.786	0.074	***
	AIC		193,076			337,992			104,853			52,308
	R2		0.004			0.008			0.011			0.012

***p-value<0.001, **p-value<0.01, *p-value<0.05, . p-value <0.1.
Order Definition: Fatal=5; Incapacitating Injury=4; Non-Incapacitating Injury=3; Complaint of Pain=2; Property Damage Only=1.

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Table 6 Regression results of ordered probit models to estimate crash severity for single-vehicle and multi-vehicle crashes by roadway class.

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