Fig. 6

Left side (A–C) histograms show deviations of modelled REE (λPM) from measured REE. Right side (D–F) histograms show deviations of Monte Carlo simulation data from the respective mean. The orange lines give the kernel density estimation curves. All KDEs show considerably small skewnesses. Excluded anomalies are given in the respective upper left corners. (A) Ultramafic rock and clinopyroxene samples from Potts and Condie43, with 90% of the data points ranging between −7.1% and 6.6% (5% and 95% percentile; SD = 4.6). (B) Basalt and tholeiite samples from Zindler et al.44, with 90% of the data points ranging between −7.8% and 7.1% (SD = 5.1). (C) Ultramafic rock, pyroxene and garnet samples from Stosch et al.45, with 90% of the data points ranging between −7.1% and 9.8% (SD = 4.9). Monte Carlo simulation input data from (D) Potts and Condie43, (E) Zindler et al.44 and (F) Stosch et al.45. Monte Carlo simulations were conducted with 1000 repetitions, and a normal distribution with a standard deviation of 0.1 were chosen. The MCS for all three datasets yield estimated uncertainties around ± 14% with standard deviations of 8.1 (D), 8.7 (E) and 8.3 (F).