Table 1 Data sources for ESs.

From: Coupling effect of landscape patterns on the spatial and temporal distribution of ecosystem services: a case study in Harbin City, Northeast China

Data

Type

Data source

Spatial resolution

Land use / land cover

Raster

GlobeLand30

(http://www.globallandcover.com/)

30 m×30 m

Annual average precipitation

Raster

National Earth System Science Data Center (http://www.geodata.cn)

1 km×1 km

Reference evapotranspiration

Raster

National Earth System Science Data Center (http://www.geodata.cn)

1 km×1 km

Digital Elevation Model (DEM)

Raster

Geospatial data cloud (http://www.gscloud.cn)

30 m×30 m

Net primary productivity (NPP)

Raster

U.S. Geological Survey (USGS)(https://lpdaac.usgs.gov/product_search/?view=listhttps://lpdaac.usgs.gov/product_search/?view=list)

500 m×500 m

Grain production

.txt file

Harbin Statistical Yearbook(https://www.harbin.gov.cn/haerbin/c104482/list_navlist.shtml)

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Soil data

Raster

Nanjing Soil Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences

(https://soildata.issas.ac.cn/)

1 km×1 km

Biophysical data

.CSV file

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