Table 3 Stratified analysis by age group, sex, and BMI.

From: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease increases cardiovascular disease risk in young adults

Variable

Group

Hazard ratio (95% confidence interval)

MACE

MI

Ischemic stroke

Heart failure

Age < 30

No steatosis

1(Ref.)

1(Ref.)

1(Ref.)

1(Ref.)

MASLD

1.16 (1.12, 1.19)

1.10 (1.04, 1.17)

1.18 (1.09, 1.28)

1.20 (1.15,1.24)

Age ≥ 30

No steatosis

1(Ref.)

1(Ref.)

1(Ref.)

1(Ref.)

MASLD

1.19 (1.16, 1.21)

1.27 (1.22, 1.32)

1.11 (1.06, 1.16)

1.17 (1.14, 1.20)

P for interaction

0.104

< 0.001

0.103

0.326

Male

No steatosis

1(Ref.)

1(Ref.)

1(Ref.)

1(Ref.)

MASLD

1.17 (1.15, 1.20)

1.25 (1.21, 1.30)

1.10 (1.05, 1.15)

1.17 (1.14, 1.20)

Female

No steatosis

1(Ref.)

1(Ref.)

1(Ref.)

1(Ref.)

MASLD

1.23 (1.18, 1.28)

1.10 (1.01, 1.30)

1.27 (1.16, 1.39)

1.26 (1.20, 1.32)

P for interaction

0.013

0.001

0.002

0.002

BMI < 25

No steatosis

1(Ref.)

1(Ref.)

1(Ref.)

1(Ref.)

MASLD

1.15 (1.12, 1.17)

1.15 (1.10, 1.20)

1.11 (1.05, 1.18)

1.15 (1.12, 1.19)

BMI ≥ 25

No steatosis

1(Ref.)

1(Ref.)

1(Ref.)

1(Ref.)

MASLD

1.22 (1.19, 1.26)

1.37 (1.29, 1.45)

1.14 (1.07, 1.22)

1.21 (1.17, 1.25)

P for interaction

< 0.001

< 0.001

0.540

0.032

  1. Adjusted for age, sex, household income, BMI, smoking, alcohol consumption, regular exercise, total cholesterol, fasting glucose, systolic blood pressure, and estimated glomerular filtration rate.
  2. MASLD, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease; MACE, major adverse cardiovascular events; MI, myocardial infarction; BMI, body mass index.
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