Table 2 Post-transportation procedures and information in the ED.

From: Mortality rates in physician staffed ground vs. air ambulance for severe trauma patients: retrospective analysis of the Japanese nationwide trauma registry

Variables

Overall study cohort

Propensity score-matched cohort

GA group (n = 4170)

AA group (n = 7838)

p-value

GA group (n = 3508)

AA group (n = 3508)

p-value

Prehospital treatment, N (%)

 Airway

68 (2.1)

64 (1.0)

0.002

60 (1.7)

46 (1.3)

0.002

 Airway Secure

595 (14.2)

567 (7.2)

< 0.001

428 (12.2)

319 (9.0)

< 0.001

 Backboard

2589 (62.0)

4940 (63.0)

0.320

2168 (61.8)

2107 (60.0)

< 0.001

 Chest Compression

387 (9.28)

209 (2.6)

< 0.001

267 (7.6)

137 (3.9)

< 0.001

 Neck collar

2358 (56.5)

4575 (58.3)

0.056

2002 (57.0)

1966 (56.0)

0.053

 Defibrillation

32 (1.0)

24 (0.3)

< 0.001

36 (1.0)

31 (0.9)

0.25

 Intubation

31 (3.0)

37 (2.1)

0.166

1542 (43.9)

1409 (40.1)

< 0.001

 Intravenous drip

1348 (32.3)

1696 (21.6)

< 0.001

1125 (32.0)

764 (21.7)

< 0.001

 Mechanical Ventilation

424 (10.1)

325 (4.1)

< 0.001

299 (8.5)

186 (5.3)

< 0.001

 Oxygenation

2745 (65.8)

5082 (64.8)

0.287

2307 (65.7)

2156 (61.4)

< 0.001

 Pelvic Binder

4 (0.4)

10 (0.6)

0.610

1502 (42.8)

1418 (40.4)

< 0.001

 Shockpants

5 (0.1)

7 (0.1)

0.779

12 (0.3)

10 (0.3)

0.40

 Splint

35 (0.8)

55 (0.7)

0.470

31 (0.8)

27 (0.7)

0.26

 Tourniquet

3 (0.3)

12 (0.79)

0.218

1459 (41.6)

1371 (39.1)

< 0.001

 Transfusion

1 (0.1)

3 (0.2)

0.958

0 (0)

0 (0)

1

Time from injury to physician contact, min, median [IQR]

12 [8–28]

13 [8–29]

< 0.001

12 [8–29]

14 [8–32]

< 0.001

Time from injury to ED arrival, min, median [IQR]

45 [32–62]

57 [43–75]

< 0.001

45 [32–63]

55 [40–72]

< 0.001

Vital signs upon ED arrival, median [IQR]

 BT, ℃

36.2 [35.6–36.7]

36.3 [35.8–36.8]

< 0.001

36.2 [35.5–36.7]

36.2 [35.6–36.7]

< 0.001

 HR, beat per minute

84 [68–102]

84 [70–100]

< 0.001

84 [69–101]

84 [69–101]

0.003

 sBP, mmHg

122 [86–148]

129 [103–152]

< 0.001

125 [94–150]

126 [96–150]

0.051

 dBP, mmHg

76 [58–91]

78 [62–90]

< 0.001

75 [56–90]

74 [56–90]

0.65

 RR, breath per minute

20 [15–25]

20 [17–25]

< 0.001

20 [16–25]

20 [16–25]

0.040

 GCS

13 [3–14]

14 [7–15]

< 0.001

13 [5–15]

13 [6–15]

0.002

 JCS

10 [1–300]

2 [0–100]

< 0.001

10 [1–200]

3 [1–200]

0.026

RTS, median [IQR]

6.90 [4.09–7.84]

7.84 [5.97–7.84]

< 0.001

7.11 [5.03–7.84]

7.55 [5.03–7.84]

< 0.001

FAST, positive, N (%)

548 (13.1)

888 (11.3)

< 0.001

442 (12.6)

450 (12.8)

< 0.001

Whole body CT, N (%)

3558 (88.3)

7212 (92.0)

< 0.001

3032 (86.4)

3156 (89.9)

< 0.001

Operation, N (%)

2014 (48.3)

3966 (50.6)

0.017

1686 (48.0)

1825 (52.0)

< 0.001

Outcome, death, N (%)

1258 (30.1)

1501 (19.2)

< 0.001

894 (25.4)

810 (23.0)

< 0.001

  1. GA group physician-staffed ground ambulance transport group, AA group physician-staffed air ambulance transport group, ED emergency department, BT blood temperature, HR heart rate, sBP systolic blood pressure, dBP diastolic blood pressure, RR respiratory rate, GCS Glasgow Coma Scale, JCS Japan Coma Scale, RTS revised trauma score, FAST focused assessment with sonography for trauma, CT Computed Tomography.
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