Fig. 8

NMDS plot showing the paleobiogeographic relationships of ostracod assemblages from the present study (Wadi Tarfa, Egypt) compared with other regions, including North Africa, West Africa, and the Middle East. The ordination exhibits a stress value of 0.2256, with the first and second axes explaining 36.7% (R2 = 0.3667) and 27.8% (R2 = 0.2784) of the variance, respectively.