Table 1 Green Boll damage due to pink bollworm in different states of India during 2007to 2023 (North Zone).

From: Resistance development in pink bollworm (Pectinophora Gossypiella Saunders) against Bt cotton and its’ establishment as mid season pest in India

Year

Punjab (Irrigated)

Haryana (Irrigated)

Rajasthan (Irrigated)

GBD (%)

GBD (%)

GBD (%)

Bathinda

Hisar

Sirsa

Sriganganagar

Bt

Non-Bt

Bt

Non-Bt

Bt

Non-Bt

Bt

Non-Bt

2007

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

2008

-

-

-

-

-

-

  

2009

-

-

-

-

-

-

  

2010

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

2011

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

2012

-

-

0.00

06.74d

0.00

10.66 cd

0.00

10.43c

2013

-

 

0.00

12.78c

0.00

10.60 cd

0.00

14.17c

2014

-

 

0.00

15.95bc

0.00

16.28c

0.00

16.55c

2015

0.00

17.38a

0.00

18.80bc

0.00

16.88c

0.00

22.30b

2016

0.00

1.50d

0.00

7.43d

0.00

3.75e

0.00

4.58d

2017

0.00

7.53c

0.00

7.00d

0.00

5.38e

0.00

5.48d

2018

03.78c

15.33a

0.00

7.28d

0.00

5.10e

0.00

6.25d

2019

08.00b

12.42b

03.69b

10.31c

0.00

8.16d

0.00

2.37d

2020

07.50b

15.00a

01.00b

05.14d

02.00c

14.00c

0.00

4.21d

2021

25.71a

12.86b

24.50a

29.83a

20.50a

34.00a

29.67a

76.00a

2022

05.83bc

3.00d

16.39a

11.39c

11.25b

13.75 cd

8.00b

15.33c

2023

10.00b

10.00bc

22.60a

24.40b

17.50a

22.50b

32.50a

24.50b

Mean

10.14

11.44

5.68

13.09

5.69

12.06

6.01

24.48

Range

3.78–25.71

3.00–17.38

0.00–24.50

05.14–29.83

0.00–20.50

07.04–34.00

0.00–32.50

2.37–76.00

  1. (-) indicate data was not recorded; *difference in small letters within a particular column indicate significant difference (p < 0.05).