Table 3 Green Boll damage due to pink bollworm in different states of India during 2007to 2023 (South Zone).

From: Resistance development in pink bollworm (Pectinophora Gossypiella Saunders) against Bt cotton and its’ establishment as mid season pest in India

Year

Green Boll damage (%)

Karnataka

Dharwad

Raichur

Chamrajnagara

Bt

Non-Bt

Bt

Non-Bt

Bt

Non-Bt

2007

4.84c

22.72a

-

-

-

-

2008

3.33d

11.05c

-

-

-

-

2009

3.20d

9.38c

-

-

-

-

2010

2.37d

9.89c

-

-

-

-

2011

2.11d

7.32c

19.10d

60.14b

-

-

2012

2.65d

10.87c

5.50e

10.45e

-

-

2013

2.25d

5.86d

4.15e

24.54de

-

-

2014

1.89d

4.95d

7.54e

36.18 cd

-

-

2015

5.00c

14.70b

8.13e

43.42 cd

-

-

2016

4.25c

11.35c

12.14de

56.85bc

-

-

2017

5.23c

9.40c

64.15a

73.33a

-

-

2018

5.88c

9.39c

62.12a

70.00a

11.25a

18.33a

2019

5.88c

6.10d

28.54c

50.33c

12.30a

17.05a

2020

9.92b

14.60b

30.10c

37.33 cd

14.23

18.10a

2021

3.48

15.35b

45.00b

68.75ab

12.08a

15.21a

2022

9.98b

11.84c

50.82b

65.83ab

10.90a

19.23a

2023

20.92a

18.58b

29.10c

37.80 cd

5.87b

4.98b

Mean

5.48

11.37

28.18

48.84

11.11

15.48

Range

1.89–20.92

4.95–22.72

4.15–64.15

10.45–73.33

5.87–14.23

4.98–19.23

  1. *Difference in small letters within a particular column indicate significant difference (p < 0.05).
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