Table 2 Sample baseline characteristics before surgery.

Age (years)

46.9 ± 11.5

43.7 ± 11.02

50.8 ± 11.29

0.071

Weight (Kg)

112.8 ± 17.3

118.3 ± 15.08

106.4 ± 17.99

0.041

BMI (kg/m²)

42.0 ± 5.16

43.2 ± 5.37

42.8 ± 5.05

0.825

Waist circumference (cm)

124.4 ± 10.9

125.2 ± 10.27

123.5 ± 11.97

0.662

Body fat (%)

47.0 ± 4.92

46.5 ± 5.92

47.6 ± 3.48

0.503

Total SMM mass (Kg)

56.69 ± 10.1

59.56 ± 8.67

53.46 ± 10.48

0.065

ASMM (Kg)

23.47 ± 4.80

24.86 ± 3.97

21.82 ± 5.28

0.061

ASMM/Weight (%)

20.8 ± 2.66

21.1 ± 2.95

20.4 ± 2.30

0.442

BMC (g)

2.47 ± 0.42

2.58 ± 0.39

2.32 ± 0.42

0.081

BMD (g/cm²)

1.18 ± 0.15

1.21 ± 0.16

1.14 ± 0.12

0.173

Total Body T-score

0.50 ± 1.39

0.55 ± 1.36

0.43 ± 1.47

0.812

Total Body Z-score

0.49 ± 1.15

0.41 ± 1.23

0.58 ± 1.07

0.647

Handgrip (Kg)

23.5 ± 9.42

28.02 ± 10.11

20.05 ± 6.48

0.010

30s Sit-to-stand test (n)

13.6 ± 3.34

14.68 ± 2.95

12.25 ± 3.38

0.029

400-m walk test (m)

6.98 ± 2.85

6.55 ± 2.85

7.49 ± 2.85

0.340

SII

504 ± 240

455 ± 136

563 ± 318

0.189

Glycemia (mg/dl)

99.3 ± 17.8

101 ± 22.3

97.6 ± 10.7

0.601

HbA1c (%)

4.83 ± 2.44

5.05 ± 2.58

4.56 ± 2.31

0.561

LDL (mg/dl)

173.8 ± 36.1

173 ± 40.2

175 ± 31.7

0.820

Triglycerides (mg/dl)

137.2 ± 56

132 ± 56.6

143.9 ± 56.4

0.524

HDL (mg/dl)

45.5 ± 15.5

46.4 ± 15.7

44.4 ± 15.7

0.820