Table 2 Differences between left and right paraspinal muscles in the no-BP group.
CSA, mean (SD) | p value | FCSA, mean (SD) | p value | FI (%), mean (SD) | p value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Left | Right | Left | Right | Left | Right | |||||
Females | ||||||||||
LI/2 level | ||||||||||
PM | 2.51 (1.06) | 2.33 (1.00) | 0.36 | 2.46 (1.04) | 2.29 (0.98) | 0.36 | 1.85 (3.13) | 1.85 (2.94) | 1.00 | |
QL | 1.60 (0.65) | 1.52 (0.62) | 0.48 | 1.57 (0.64) | 1.49 (0.61) | 0.47 | 1.85 (3.13) | 1.94 (2.44) | 0.86 | |
MF | 2.20 (0.54) | 2.26 (0.52) | 0.54 | 1.99 (0.49) | 2.06 (0.49) | 0.40 | 8.93 (9.64) | 8.51 (7.40) | 0.77 | |
ES | 15.6 (2.84) | 15.4 (2.90) | 0.65 | 14.8 (2.64) | 14.6 (2.69) | 0.66 | 5.32 (3.57) | 5.23 (3.22) | 0.88 | |
L2/3 level | ||||||||||
PM | 5.79 (1.36) | 5.77 (1.43) | 0.94 | 5.71 (1.36) | 5.68 (1.43) | 0.90 | 1.41 (2.33) | 1.67 (2.63) | 0.55 | |
QL | 2.44 (0.90) | 2.25 (0.79) | 0.19 | 2.38 (0.88) | 2.19 (0.76) | 0.21 | 2.48 (3.27) | 2.21 (2.47) | 0.61 | |
MF | 3.56 (0.82) | 3.79 (0.86) | 0.14 | 3.16 (0.75) | 3.31 (0.75) | 0.27 | 10.9 (7.77) | 12.1(7.98) | 0.36 | |
ES | 16.6 (2.76) | 16.1 (2.59) | 0.28 | 15.5 (2.59) | 15.1 (2.42) | 0.34 | 6.57 (4.39) | 6.40 (3.58) | 0.79 | |
L3/4 level | ||||||||||
PM | 9.20 (1.76) | 9.12 (1.71) | 0.80 | 9.05 (1.74) | 8.98 (1.69) | 0.82 | 1.45 (2.25) | 1.36 (2.04) | 0.81 | |
QL | 3.69 (1.12) | 3.30 (1.10) | 0.047 | 3.58 (1.12) | 3.22 (1.07) | 0.06 | 2.98 (4.26) | 2.63 (3.12) | 0.61 | |
MF | 5.81 (1.23) | 5.96 (1.22) | 0.48 | 4.93 (1.01) | 5.05 (0.96) | 0.50 | 14.8 (6.95) | 14.9 (7.09) | 0.88 | |
ES | 16.7 (2.70) | 16.1 (2.56) | 0.17 | 15.0 (2.63) | 14.6 (2.43) | 0.30 | 9.93 (5.53) | 9.39 (5.09) | 0.54 | |
L4/5 level | ||||||||||
PM | 12.4 (2.33) | 12.1 (2.28) | 0.53 | 12.2 (2.32) | 12.0 (2.26) | 0.58 | 1.17 (1.66) | 0.90 (1.26) | 0.30 | |
MF | 8.89 (1.49) | 8.92 (1.44) | 0.91 | 7.44 (1.37) | 7.42 (1.21) | 0.92 | 16.3 (6.93) | 16.6 (6.82) | 0.77 | |
ES | 15.3 (3.08) | 14.7 (2.84) | 0.26 | 13.4 (3.17) | 12.9 (3.00) | 0.38 | 12.4 (7.87) | 12.3 (7.38) | 0.91 | |
L5/S1 level | ||||||||||
MF | 11.2 (1.71) | 11.1 (1.61) | 0.65 | 8.99 (1.61) | 8.95 (1.45) | 0.89 | 20.0 (7.33) | 19.2 (7.76) | 0.50 | |
ES | 10.7 (3.46) | 10.3 (2.81) | 0.47 | 8.48 (3.20) | 8.23 (2.67) | 0.63 | 21.4 (11.5) | 20.8 (10.6) | 0.73 | |
Males | ||||||||||
LI/2 level | ||||||||||
PM | 4.27 (1.50) | 3.84 (1.48) | 0.13 | 4.21 (1.51) | 3.79 (1.49) | 0.14 | 1.39 (2.22) | 1.52 (2.84) | 0.79 | |
QL | 2.66 (1.00) | 2.55 (0.94) | 0.53 | 2.62 (0.99) | 2.49 (0.93) | 0.48 | 1.84 (2.90) | 2.32 (2.69) | 0.33 | |
MF | 2.72 (0.70) | 2.84 (0.68) | 0.38 | 2.60 (0.67) | 2.71 (0.65) | 0.37 | 4.28 (6.00) | 4.35 (5.60) | 0.94 | |
ES | 21.86 (3.32) | 21.39 (3.38) | 0.44 | 21.10 (3.18) | 20.60 (3.29) | 0.39 | 3.42 (2.47) | 3.71 (3.01) | 0.48 | |
L2/3 level | ||||||||||
PM | 9.61 (1.86) | 9.76 (2.22) | 0.70 | 9.54 (1.85) | 9.67 (2.22) | 0.72 | 0.71 (0.90) | 0.92 (1.06) | 0.25 | |
QL | 4.53 (1.14) | 4.03 (1.07) | 0.02 | 4.46 (1.12) | 3.96 (1.06) | 0.02 | 1.60 (1.39) | 1.87 (1.67) | 0.35 | |
MF | 4.38 (0.96) | 4.58 (1.02) | 0.28 | 4.09 (0.92) | 4.26 (0.99) | 0.34 | 6.53 (6.14) | 6.88 (7.44) | 0.77 | |
ES | 22.05 (3.40) | 21.89 (3.64) | 0.80 | 21.12 (3.33) | 20.93 (3.52) | 0.75 | 4.24 (2.36) | 4.44 (2.57) | 0.61 | |
L3/4 level | ||||||||||
PM | 14.65 (2.55) | 14.45 (2.62) | 0.67 | 14.54 (2.56) | 14.35 (2.62) | 0.68 | 0.72 (1.14) | 0.65 (1.09) | 0.73 | |
QL | 6.35 (1.34) | 5.83 (1.30) | 0.04 | 6.25 (1.32) | 5.74 (1.28) | 0.04 | 1.65 (1.38) | 1.48 (1.74) | 0.55 | |
MF | 6.98 (1.20) | 7.41 (1.26) | 0.07 | 6.42 (1.13) | 6.78 (1.19) | 0.10 | 7.70 (5.77) | 8.47 (6.19) | 0.51 | |
ES | 20.85 (3.57) | 20.40 (3.81) | 0.46 | 19.44 (3.52) | 19.11 (3.67) | 0.58 | 6.85 (4.19) | 6.38 (4.18) | 0.48 | |
L4/5 level | ||||||||||
PM | 18.83 (3.20) | 18.10 (3.23) | 0.22 | 18.70 (3.21) | 17.99 (3.22) | 0.23 | 0.75 (0.88) | 0.53 (0.77) | 0.14 | |
MF | 10.36 (1.69) | 10.39 (1.75) | 0.93 | 9.42 (1.65) | 9.43 (1.71) | 0.97 | 9.09 (5.84) | 9.21 (6.26) | 0.90 | |
ES | 18.01 (3.91) | 17.71 (3.66) | 0.66 | 16.26 (3.99) | 16.25 (3.61) | 0.99 | 10.02 (6.69) | 8.42 (6.09) | 0.13 | |
L5/S1 level | ||||||||||
MF | 12.62 (1.93) | 12.54 (1.87) | 0.83 | 10.87 (1.91) | 10.93 (1.86) | 0.86 | 13.94 (7.21) | 12.88 (6.34) | 0.34 | |
ES | 11.27 (5.04) | 11.33 (4.57) | 0.95 | 9.50 (4.51) | 9.86 (4.30) | 0.66 | 16.57 (9.36) | 14.01 (8.19) | 0.07 | |
