Table 5 Number of tweets and public engagement between two organization types on various topics across five pandemic phases.

From: Social media crisis communication and public engagement during COVID-19 analyzing public health and news media organizations’ tweeting strategies

Phase

Topic

No. of tweets

No. of replies/tweet

No. of retweets/tweet

No. of likes/tweet

PHO

NMO

PHO

NMO

PHO

NMO

PHO

NMO

I. Inception phase

A

3

2

48

39

575

85

516

158

B

3

30

1

41

2

163

4

289

C

0*

7

0*

3

0*

10

0*

35

D

1

14

16

109

210

342

232

419

E

1

5

54

31

131

72

144

171

F

3

2

16

32

272

14

301

35

II. Awareness phase

A

7

483

22

14

163

87

172

195

B

12

419

12

35

94

145

112

270

C

3

205

68

22

477

80

563

175

D

15

224

43

26

317

121

330

260

E

4

152

5

11

16

43

13

102

F

22

32

5

17

37

88

29

187

III. Panic phase

A

3

155

33

8

204

81

634

219

B

7

131

6

19

56

80

99

174

C

3

77

3

12

7

22

4

68

D

3

76

53

13

425

49

458

120

E

1

78

2

5

17

15

10

48

F

10

15

103

13

343

38

421

102

IV. Spreading phase

A

55

1807

60

38

379

116

579

321

B

30

1379

47

54

199

189

326

461

C

22

1286

58

112

508

171

633

536

D

83

631

120

38

860

181

1525

465

E

13

746

48

23

344

91

593

240

F

220

244

53

63

368

153

530

360

V. Cohabitation phase

A

61

1655

42

54

235

123

461

415

B

74

1562

64

86

385

183

1244

568

C

35

1604

40

150

259

198

426

640

D

94

678

36

82

285

207

627

591

E

12

626

22

31

81

65

160

224

F

349

237

42

66

272

122

526

380

  1. PHO public health organizations, NMO news media organizations.
  2. (A) Policies, methods and action; (B) Case updates; (C) Opinions and response; (D) Medical research and treatment information; (E) Impacts and consequences; (F) Health instructions and suggestions.
  3. *Excluded from the comparative analysis due to the number 0