Table 3 Socio-economic parameter settings.

Annual population growth rate (%)

0.17

0.05

−0.32

Total Factor Productivity (%)

3.0

2.5

2.0

Annual GDP growth rate (%)

5.8

5.4

5.0

Energy Efficiency Growth Rate (%)

Solid, liquid, and gaseous fuels are 5%, 4%, and 3%, respectively, and electricity is 3%