Fig. 3

The first vertical panel above illustrates the weighted departures for the annual periodicity of Tsurf (\(\:^\circ\:\)C), P (mm day− 1), and [CH4] (ppb, 300-1,000 hPa) from the second CDRMIP experiment (i.e., esm-1pct-brch-1000PgC) simulated by UKESM1-0-LL. The second vertical panel expands on departure variabilities (i.e., reference period: 1991–2020) constrained to the observational record (S8). Additional plots delineating weighted and unweighted climatologies, departures, and temporal windows for intercomparisons (i.e., esm-1pct-brch-1000PgC, 1950–2149 [1950–2022]) are provided in S3 and S8, with comprehensive statistics located in S10. The plots were generated with Python 3.9.18 and the various modules from the Matplotlib and Cartopy libraries43,44.