Table 1 Serum analyte and biomarker concentrations by participant characteristics (n = 728).
Participant Characteristics | N (%) | Serum PFAS Thyroid Hormones Geometric Mean (95% Confidence Interval) Geometric Mean (95% Confidence Interval) | ||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
MeFOSAA (µg/L) | PFDA (µg/L) | PFHpA (µg/L) | PFHpS (µg/L) | PFNA (µg/L) | PFPeS (µg/L) | PFUnA (µg/L) | PFECHS (µg/L) | PFOA (µg/L) | Br_PFOS (µg/L) | Ln_PFOS (µg/L) | PFHxS (µg/L) | TSH (mIU/L) | TT3 (ng/dL) | TT4 (µg/dL) | fT4 (ng/dL) | |||
Total | 728 (100) | 0.11 (0.1, 0.12) | 0.1 (0.09, 0.11) | 0.03 (0.02, 0.03) | 0.34 (0.3, 0.38) | 0.35 (0.33, 0.37) | 0.03 (0.03, 0.03) | 0.05 (0.04, 0.05) | 0.03 (0.03, 0.04) | 3.18 (2.82, 3.58) | 4.81 (4.36,5.29) | 3.9 (3.59,4.22) | 1.47 (1.33, 1.62) | 1.75 (1.67, 1.83) | 111.79 (110.24, 113.36) | 7.42 (7.27, 7.57) | 0.99 (0.98, 1) | |
Sex | ||||||||||||||||||
Male | 364 (50) | 0.12 (0.11, 0.13) | 0.11 (0.1, 0.12) | 0.03 (0.02, 0.03) | 0.46 (0.4, 0.53) | 0.38 (0.35, 0.42) | 0.03 (0.03, 0.04) | 0.05 (0.05, 0.06) | 0.04 (0.04, 0.05) | 3.45 (2.93, 4.06) | 5.87 (5.15,6.69) | 4.53 (4.03,5.08) | 1.98 (1.74, 2.26) | 1.78 (1.69, 1.88) | 112.81 (110.7, 114.95) | 7.14 (6.94, 7.34) | 0.99 (0.98, 1) | |
Female | 364 (50) | 0.1 (0.09, 0.12) | 0.09 (0.08, 0.1) | 0.02 (0.02, 0.03) | 0.25 (0.21, 0.29) | 0.32 (0.29, 0.35) | 0.03 (0.03, 0.03) | 0.04 (0.04, 0.05) | 0.03 (0.03, 0.03) | 2.92 (2.46, 3.47) | 3.94 (3.42,4.53) | 3.35 (3,3.75) | 1.08 (0.94, 1.24) | 1.73 (1.6, 1.86) | 110.79 (108.53, 113.09) | 7.7 (7.48, 7.93) | 0.99 (0.98, 1) | |
Age category | ||||||||||||||||||
12–19 | 64 (8.8) | 0.08 (0.06, 0.1) | 0.07 (0.05, 0.08) | 0.04 (0.03, 0.05) | 0.18 (0.13, 0.25) | 0.21 (0.19, 0.24) | 0.04 (0.03, 0.05) | 0.03 (0.02, 0.03) | 0.02 (0.02, 0.02) | 2.77 (1.97, 3.89) | 2.94 (2.23,3.88) | 5.75 (4.39, 7.53) | 0.81 (0.6, 1.1) | 1.73 (1.47, 2.04) | 139.99 (132.55, 147.85) | 7.71 (7.34, 8.1) | 1 (0.97, 1.04) | |
20–39 | 101 (13.9) | 0.08 (0.06, 0.09) | 0.07 (0.06, 0.08) | 0.02 (0.02, 0.02) | 0.22 (0.16, 0.31) | 0.24 (0.2, 0.28) | 0.03 (0.02, 0.03) | 0.03 (0.03, 0.04) | 0.03 (0.02, 0.04) | 2.9 (2.11, 4) | 3.71 (2.83, 4.85) | 3.03 (2.42,3.8) | 1.13 (0.84, 1.53) | 1.52 (1.32, 1.76) | 116.91 (112.32, 121.69) | 7.51 (7.04, 8.02) | 1 (0.98, 1.02) | |
40–59 | 239 (32.8) | 0.09 (0.08, 0.11) | 0.1 (0.09, 0.11) | 0.02 (0.02, 0.03) | 0.29 (0.24, 0.35) | 0.34 (0.31, 0.37) | 0.03 (0.02, 0.03) | 0.05 (0.04, 0.06) | 0.03 (0.03, 0.04) | 2.96 (2.41, 3.62) | 4.31 (3.63, 5.11) | 3.6 (3.14, 4.12) | 1.28 (1.06, 1.54) | 1.72 (1.62, 1.83) | 109.69 (107.53, 111.89) | 7.26 (6.98, 7.54) | 0.97 (0.96, 0.99) | |
60+ | 324 (44.5) | 0.15 (0.14, 0.17) | 0.12 (0.11, 0.13) | 0.03 (0.02, 0.03) | 0.49 (0.42, 0.56) | 0.44 (0.4, 0.49) | 0.03 (0.03, 0.04) | 0.06 (0.05, 0.07) | 0.04 (0.04, 0.05) | 3.54 (2.94, 4.26) | 6.17 (5.37, 7.09) | 4.85 (4.32, 5.46) | 1.97 (1.74, 2.23) | 1.86 (1.73, 2) | 107.03 (105.03, 109.07) | 7.45 (7.24, 7.65) | 1 (0.98, 1.02) | |
Race and ethnicity | ||||||||||||||||||
Hispanic Black, Indigenous, or person of color (BIPOC) | 6 (0.8) | 0.14 (0.04, 0.51) | 0.08 (0.05, 0.14) | 0.04 (0.01, 0.14) | 0.77 (0.36, 1.62) | 0.34 (0.23, 0.5) | 0.07 (0.02, 0.31) | 0.03 (0.01, 0.1) | 0.04 (0.03, 0.06) | 6.34 (2.41, 16.69) | 6.89 (3.69,12.86) | 4.53 (2.8,7.32) | 2.55 (0.9, 7.25) | 1.6 (0.99, 2.58) | 131.55 (121.61, 142.31) | 9.08 (7.95, 10.37) | 1.02 (0.87, 1.2) | |
Hispanic white | 7 (1) | 0.07 (0.03, 0.15) | 0.05 (0.02, 0.09) | 0.02 (0.01, 0.03) | 0.21 (0.06, 0.7) | 0.14 (0.05, 0.4) | 0.03 (0.02, 0.05) | 0.02 (0.01, 0.03) | 0.02 (0.01, 0.03) | 2.66 (0.69, 10.2) | 3.29 (1.14,9.48) | 1.92 (0.95,3.84) | 1.07 (0.42, 2.73) | 1.31 (1.01, 1.7) | 106.75 (92.44, 123.27) | 7.96 (6.94, 9.13) | 0.98 (0.9, 1.06) | |
Non, Hispanic Black, Indigenous, or person of color (BIPOC) | 37 (5.1) | 0.08 (0.06, 0.12) | 0.12 (0.09, 0.16) | 0.02 (0.02, 0.03) | 0.57 (0.37, 0.88) | 0.41 (0.33, 0.52) | 0.04 (0.02, 0.06) | 0.05 (0.04, 0.08) | 0.03 (0.03, 0.05) | 7.44 (4.36, 12.69) | 5.42 (3.85,7.63) | 13.58 (9.35, 19.72) | 2.5 (1.58, 3.98) | 1.52 (1.24, 1.86) | 111.79 (104.7, 119.37) | 7.14 (6.33, 8.05) | 1.01 (0.98, 1.05) | |
Non, Hispanic white | 671 (92.2) | 0.11 (0.1, 0.12) | 0.1 (0.09, 0.11) | 0.03 (0.02, 0.03) | 0.33 (0.29, 0.37) | 0.35 (0.33, 0.38) | 0.03 (0.03, 0.03) | 0.05 (0.05, 0.05) | 0.03 (0.03, 0.04) | 3.06 (2.7, 3.45) | 4.71 (4.26,5.21) | 3.9 (3.59,4.23) | 1.43 (1.3, 1.59) | 1.77 (1.69, 1.86) | 111.69 (110.08, 113.33) | 7.41 (7.25, 7.57) | 0.99 (0.98, 1) | |
Not specified | 7 (1) | 0.1 (0.04, 0.3) | 0.06 (0.03, 0.14) | 0.02 (0.01, 0.05) | 0.14 (0.04, 0.45) | 0.16 (0.05, 0.51) | 0.03 (0.01, 0.08) | 0.03 (0.01, 0.06) | 0.03 (0.01, 0.06) | 0.94 (0.2, 4.5) | 1.67 (0.41,6.75) | 1.15 (0.31,4.33) | 0.62 (0.2, 1.9) | 1.78 (1.45, 2.19) | 110.12 (100.62, 120.52) | 7.8 (6.85, 8.89) | 0.98 (0.91, 1.07) | |
Community | ||||||||||||||||||
City of Parchment Municipal Supply | 211 (29) | 0.09 (0.08, 0.11) | 0.09 (0.08, 0.1) | 0.03 (0.02, 0.03) | 0.97 (0.81, 1.15) | 0.4 (0.36, 0.44) | 0.04 (0.04, 0.05) | 0.04 (0.03, 0.04) | 0.04 (0.03, 0.04) | 17.87 (14.65, 21.79) | 15.33 (12.9,18.22) | 7.69 (6.67,8.87) | 2.38 (2.04, 2.77) | 1.65 (1.52, 1.79) | 115.85 (113.19, 118.56) | 7.46 (7.19, 7.74) | 0.99 (0.98, 1.01) | |
Cooper Township Private Wells | 126 (17.3) | 0.12 (0.1, 0.15) | 0.09 (0.08, 0.11) | 0.02 (0.02, 0.03) | 0.22 (0.18, 0.26) | 0.29 (0.25, 0.34) | 0.02 (0.01, 0.02) | 0.05 (0.04, 0.06) | 0.02 (0.02, 0.03) | 2.01 (1.67, 2.43) | 3.35 (2.92,3.86) | 2.77 (2.39,3.21) | 1.22 (1.01, 1.48) | 1.85 (1.7, 2.01) | 112.68 (108.61, 116.9) | 7.43 (7.01, 7.87) | 0.99 (0.97, 1.01) | |
Belmont/ Rockford Private Wells | 391 (53.7) | 0.12 (0.11, 0.13) | 0.11 (0.1, 0.12) | 0.03 (0.02, 0.03) | 0.22 (0.19, 0.25) | 0.35 (0.32, 0.38) | 0.03 (0.03, 0.03) | 0.05 (0.05, 0.06) | 0.04 (0.03, 0.04) | 1.45 (1.3, 1.61) | 2.89 (2.59,3.21) | 3.03 (2.73,3.37) | 1.2 (1.04, 1.38) | 1.78 (1.66, 1.9) | 109.35 (107.26, 111.47) | 7.39 (7.2, 7.59) | 0.99 (0.98, 1) | |
Current alcohol use | ||||||||||||||||||
Yes | 442 (60.7) | 0.11 (0.1, 0.12) | 0.11 (0.1, 0.12) | 0.03 (0.02, 0.03) | 0.33 (0.29, 0.38) | 0.39 (0.36, 0.42) | 0.03 (0.03, 0.03) | 0.06 (0.05, 0.06) | 0.04 (0.04, 0.04) | 2.94 (2.52, 3.43) | 4.71 (4.15,5.35) | 3.42 (3.03,3.86) | 1.47 (1.29, 1.68) | 1.71 (1.61, 1.8) | 107.76 (106.04, 109.52) | 7.21 (7.03, 7.41) | 0.98 (0.97, 0.99) | |
No | 286 (39.3) | 0.11 (0.1, 0.13) | 0.08 (0.07, 0.09) | 0.02 (0.02, 0.03) | 0.34 (0.29, 0.41) | 0.3 (0.28, 0.33) | 0.03 (0.03, 0.03) | 0.04 (0.03, 0.04) | 0.03 (0.03, 0.03) | 3.58 (2.97, 4.3) | 4.9 (4.23,5.68) | 4.26 (3.83,4.75) | 1.46 (1.26, 1.68) | 1.83 (1.69, 1.98) | 118.42 (115.63, 121.29) | 7.74 (7.49, 7.98) | 1.01 (0.99, 1.02) | |
Current smoker | ||||||||||||||||||
Yes | 39 (5.4) | 0.11 (0.08, 0.15) | 0.07 (0.06, 0.1) | 0.02 (0.02, 0.03) | 0.44 (0.25, 0.78) | 0.3 (0.23, 0.4) | 0.04 (0.02, 0.05) | 0.04 (0.03, 0.05) | 0.04 (0.03, 0.05) | 5.03 (2.64, 9.58) | 6.96 (4.19,11.57) | 3.94 (2.55,6.07) | 1.53 (0.95, 2.48) | 1.83 (1.58, 2.12) | 117.63 (111.63, 123.96) | 7.67 (7.05, 8.33) | 0.99 (0.96, 1.03) | |
No | 689 (94.6) | 0.11 (0.1, 0.12) | 0.1 (0.1, 0.11) | 0.03 (0.02, 0.03) | 0.33 (0.3, 0.37) | 0.35 (0.33, 0.38) | 0.03 (0.03, 0.03) | 0.05 (0.05, 0.05) | 0.03 (0.03, 0.04) | 3.09 (2.74, 3.49) | 4.71 (4.27,5.2) | 3.9 (3.59,4.23) | 1.46 (1.32, 1.61) | 1.75 (1.67, 1.83) | 111.47 (109.87, 113.09) | 7.4 (7.25, 7.56) | 0.99 (0.98, 1) | |
Family history of thyroid disease | ||||||||||||||||||
Yes | 161 (22.1) | 0.12 (0.1, 0.14) | 0.1 (0.09, 0.12) | 0.02 (0.02, 0.03) | 0.29 (0.23, 0.36) | 0.33 (0.29, 0.38) | 0.02 (0.02, 0.03) | 0.05 (0.04, 0.06) | 0.03 (0.03, 0.04) | 2.5 (1.97, 3.18) | 4.06 (3.35,4.9) | 3.67 (3.16,4.26) | 1.3 (1.06, 1.6) | 1.69 (1.5, 1.91) | 112.79 (109.31, 116.37) | 7.55 (7.23, 7.89) | 0.99 (0.97, 1.01) | |
No | 567 (77.9) | 0.11 (0.1, 0.12) | 0.1 (0.09, 0.11) | 0.03 (0.02, 0.03) | 0.35 (0.31, 0.4) | 0.35 (0.33, 0.38) | 0.03 (0.03, 0.04) | 0.05 (0.04, 0.05) | 0.03 (0.03, 0.04) | 3.4 (2.97, 3.89) | 5 (4.48,5.59) | 3.97 (3.62,4.37) | 1.52 (1.36, 1.69) | 1.77 (1.69, 1.86) | 111.51 (109.78, 113.26) | 7.38 (7.21, 7.55) | 0.99 (0.98, 1) | |
